مَنْ قَتَلَ قَتِيلاً لَهُ عَلَيْهِ بَيِّنَةٌ فَلَهُ سَلَبُهُ ". فَقُمْتُ فَقُلْتُ مَنْ يَشْهَدُ لِي ثُمَّ جَلَسْتُ ثُمَّ قَالَ " مَنْ قَتَلَ قَتِيلاً لَهُ عَلَيْهِ بَيِّنَةٌ فَلَهُ سَلَبُهُ " فَقُمْتُ فَقُلْتُ مَنْ يَشْهَدُ لِي ثُمَّ جَلَسْتُ، ثُمَّ قَالَ الثَّالِثَةَ مِثْلَهُ فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ صَدَقَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، وَسَلَبُهُ عِنْدِي فَأَرْضِهِ عَنِّي. فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقُ ـ رضى الله عنه لاَهَا اللَّهِ إِذًا يَعْمِدُ إِلَى أَسَدٍ مِنْ أُسْدِ اللَّهِ يُقَاتِلُ عَنِ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم يُعْطِيكَ سَلَبَهُ. فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم " صَدَقَ ". فَأَعْطَاهُ فَبِعْتُ الدِّرْعَ، فَابْتَعْتُ بِهِ مَخْرِفًا فِي بَنِي سَلِمَةَ، فَإِنَّهُ لأَوَّلُ مَالٍ تَأَثَّلْتُهُ فِي الإِسْلاَمِ.
Narrated Abu Qatada: We set out in the company of Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) on the day (of the battle) of Hunain. When we faced the enemy, the Muslims retreated and I saw a pagan throwing himself over a Muslim. I turned around and came upon him from behind and hit him on the shoulder with the sword He (i.e. the pagan) came towards me and seized me so violently that I felt as if it were death itself, but death overtook him and he released me. I followed `Umar bin Al Khattab and asked (him), "What is wrong with the people (fleeing)?" He replied, "This is the Will of Allah," After the people returned, the Prophet (ﷺ) sat and said, "Anyone who has killed an enemy and has a proof of that, will posses his spoils." I got up and said, "Who will be a witness for me?" and then sat down. The Prophet (ﷺ) again said, "Anyone who has killed an enemy and has proof of that, will possess his spoils." I (again) got up and said, "Who will be a witness for me?" and sat down. Then the Prophet (ﷺ) said the same for the third time. I again got up, and Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "O Abu Qatada! What is your story?" Then I narrated the whole story to him. A man (got up and) said, "O Allah's Messenger (ﷺ)! He is speaking the truth, and the spoils of the killed man are with me. So please compensate him on my behalf." On that Abu Bakr As-Siddiq said, "No, by Allah, he (i.e. Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) ) will not agree to give you the spoils gained by one of Allah's Lions who fights on the behalf of Allah and His Apostle." The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "Abu Bakr has spoken the truth." So, Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) gave the spoils to me. I sold that armor (i.e. the spoils) and with its price I bought a garden at Bani Salima, and this was my first property which I gained after my conversion to Islam.
مواضع دراسته في كتب التخريج والشروح
فتح الباري شرح صحيح البخاريج٦ ص٢٨٦·كِتَاب فَرْضِ الْخُمُسِ
عمدة القاري شرح صحيح البخاريج١٥ ص٦٨·كتاب الخمس
التلخيص الحبير في تخريج أحاديث الرافعي الكبيرج٣ ص٢٢٣·كِتَابُ قَسْمِ الْفَيْءِ وَالْغَنِيمَةِ
الاعتبار في الناسخ والمنسوخج٢ ص٧٦٥·كِتَابُ الْغَنَائِمِج٢ ص٧٦٥·كِتَابُ الْغَنَائِمِج٢ ص٧٧٥·كِتَابُ الْهُدْنَةِ
العلل الواردة في الأحاديث النبويةج٦ ص١٥٨·مسند أبي قتادة الأنصاري رضي الله عنه
السيرة النبويةج٢ ص٤٤٨·غَزْوَةُ حُنَيْنٍ فِي سَنَةِ ثَمَانٍ بَعْدَ الْفَتْحِ
شرح مشكل الآثارج١٢ ص٢٦٣·باب بيان مشكل ما روي عن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم في القاتل في الحرب من يقتله من العدو هل يستحق بذلك سلبه
إتحاف المهرة بالفوائد المبتكرة من أطراف العشرةج٤ ص١٦٥·أَبِو قَتَادَةَ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ رِبْعِيٍّ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ الْبَدْرِيِّ
تحفة الأشراف بمعرفة الأطرافج٩ ص٢٦٦·باب ذكر من اشتهر بالكنى من الصحابة
طرقه ومواضعه في الكتب الأخرى
مدار الحديث: أبي قتادة — ٤ طريقاً في ١٨ كتاباً
رواه عنه: أبي محمد مولى أبي قتادة (ت ٩١) ×٣٤، الأعرج (ت ١١٠) ×٢، عبد الله بن أبي بكر (ت ١٣٥) ×٢، عبد الله بن أبي قتادة (ت ٩٥) ×١