Hadithcore
Sahih al-Bukhari, 3110
sahih

Narrated `Ali bin Al-Husain:

That when they reached Medina after returning from Yazid bin Mu'awaiya after the martyrdom of Husain bin `Ali (may Allah bestow His Mercy upon him), Al-Miswar bin Makhrama met him and said to him, "Do you have any need you may order me to satisfy?" `Ali said, "No." Al-Miswar said, Will you give me the sword of Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) for I am afraid that people may take it from you by force? By Allah, if you give it to me, they will never be able to take it till I die." When `Ali bin Abu Talib demanded the hand of the daughter of Abi Jahal to be his wife besides Fatima, I heard Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) on his pulpit delivering a sermon in this connection before the people, and I had then attained my age of puberty. Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "Fatima is from me, and I am afraid she will be subjected to trials in her religion (because of jealousy)." The Prophet (ﷺ) then mentioned one of his son-in-law who was from the tribe of 'Abu Shams, and he praised him as a good son-in-law, saying, "Whatever he said was the truth, and he promised me and fulfilled his promise. I do not make a legal thing illegal, nor do I make an illegal thing legal, but by Allah, the daughter of Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) and the daughter of the enemy of Allah, (i.e. Abu Jahl) can never get together (as the wives of one man) (See Hadith No. 76, Vo. 5).

حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْجَرْمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي أَنَّ الْوَلِيدَ بْنَ كَثِيرٍ، حَدَّثَهُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَلْحَلَةَ الدُّؤَلِيِّ، حَدَّثَهُ أَنَّ ابْنَ شِهَابٍ حَدَّثَهُ أَنَّ عَلِيَّ بْنَ حُسَيْنٍ حَدَّثَهُ أَنَّهُمْ، حِينَ قَدِمُوا الْمَدِينَةَ مِنْ عِنْدِ يَزِيدَ بْنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ مَقْتَلَ حُسَيْنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ رَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ لَقِيَهُ الْمِسْوَرُ بْنُ مَخْرَمَةَ فَقَالَ لَهُ هَلْ لَكَ إِلَىَّ مِنْ حَاجَةٍ تَأْمُرُنِي بِهَا فَقُلْتُ لَهُ لاَ‏.‏ فَقَالَ لَهُ فَهَلْ أَنْتَ مُعْطِيَّ سَيْفَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَإِنِّي أَخَافُ أَنْ يَغْلِبَكَ الْقَوْمُ عَلَيْهِ، وَايْمُ اللَّهِ، لَئِنْ أَعْطَيْتَنِيهِ لاَ يُخْلَصُ إِلَيْهِمْ أَبَدًا حَتَّى تُبْلَغَ نَفْسِي، إِنَّ عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ خَطَبَ ابْنَةَ أَبِي جَهْلٍ عَلَى فَاطِمَةَ ـ عَلَيْهَا السَّلاَمُ ـ فَسَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم يَخْطُبُ النَّاسَ فِي ذَلِكَ عَلَى مِنْبَرِهِ هَذَا وَأَنَا يَوْمَئِذٍ مُحْتَلِمٌ فَقَالَ ‏"‏ إِنَّ فَاطِمَةَ مِنِّي، وَأَنَا أَتَخَوَّفُ أَنْ تُفْتَنَ فِي دِينِهَا ‏"‏‏.‏ ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ صِهْرًا لَهُ مِنْ بَنِي عَبْدِ شَمْسٍ، فَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ فِي مُصَاهَرَتِهِ إِيَّاهُ قَالَ ‏"‏ حَدَّثَنِي فَصَدَقَنِي، وَوَعَدَنِي فَوَفَى لِي، وَإِنِّي لَسْتُ أُحَرِّمُ حَلاَلاً وَلاَ أُحِلُّ حَرَامًا، وَلَكِنْ وَاللَّهِ لاَ تَجْتَمِعُ بِنْتُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم وَبِنْتُ عَدُوِّ اللَّهِ أَبَدًا ‏"‏‏.‏

Isnad

7 transmitters
  1. 1Sa'id bin Muhammad al-Jarmial-Kufa
  2. 2Ya'qub bin Ibrahim bin Sa'dMedina,Baghdad · d. 208 AH
  3. 3Ibrahim bin Sa'd bin IbrahimMedina,Baghdad · d. ~185 AH/800 CE
  4. 4al-Walid bin Kathir al-MakhzumiMedina,al-Kufa · d. 151 AH
  5. 5Muhammad bin 'Amr bin 'AlqamaMedina · d. 145 AH
  6. 6al-ZuhriMedinah/Syria · d. 124 AH/741 CE
  7. 7'Ali bin al-Husain bin 'AliMedina · d. 93 AH
References2 variants
In-Book Reference
Book 57, Hadith 19
USC-MSA web (English) reference
Vol. 4, Book 53, Hadith 342 (deprecated numbering scheme)
Sharh · explanationclick to expand
The Prophet ﷺ loved his daughter Faatimah (may Allah be pleased with her)ardently and wholeheartedly such that anything that would harm her was as if it harmed him personally. In this hadeeth, ‘Alee ibn al-Husayn ibn ‘Alee, alias Zayn al-‘Aaabideen (may Allah be pleased with him), reports that after the martyrdom of al-Husayn ibn `Alee (may Allah be pleased with him), whose death was on the 10th of Muharram in the year 61 of Hijrah, he travelled along with members from the family of the Prophet ﷺ from Damascus –where Yazeed ibn Mu'aawaiyah was based – to al-Madeenah. There, al-Miswar ibn Muhramah embraced and welcomed ‘Alee ibn al-Husayn (may Allah be pleased with him) and asked him if there was anything that he needed so that he could fulfil it for him. ‘Alee ibn al-Husayn (may Allah be pleased with him) advised him that there was nothing that he needed. Then, he asked him to entrust him with the sword of the Prophet ﷺ to keep it safe for him, because he feared that others who did not know the true value of this sword would overpower him and take the sword from him by force. He swore to ‘Alee that if he kept the sword with him, neither Yazeed nor his supporters would be able to reach it except over his dead body.It is said that this sword could be the famous sword Thoo al-Faqaar. The reason Miswar proposed to keep the swordwas only to protect it for ‘Alee ibn al-Husayn because at that time he was youngi.e.he feared people would overpower him and take it from him forcefully. His intent was to protect the sword of the Prophet ﷺ and keep it in safety for ‘Alee ibn al-Husayn (may Allah be pleased with him). It is said that he swore by Allah that hewould be able to protect it out of his confidence and trust in Allah that He would enable him to duly fulfil his promise. Then, al-Miswar relates that ‘Alee ibn Abee Taalib (may Allah be pleased with him) asked for the hand of the daughter of Aboo Jahal to be his wife to have her as a co-wife with Faatimah (may Allah be pleased with her). After the news reached the Prophet ﷺ, he delivered a sermon on his pulpit in which he said that Faatimah was a part of him, and that he feared she would be subjected to trials in her religion because of jealousy. Then, he ﷺ mentioned one of his sons-in-law who was from the tribe of Banee ‘Abd Shams i.e. Al-‘Aas ibn al-Rabee’ ibn ‘Ad ‘Uzza ibn ‘Abd Shams who was the husband of his daughter Zaynab (may Allah be pleased with her) before Islam.He ﷺ praised him as a good son-in-law, saying, "Whatever he said was the truth, and he promised me and fulfilled his promise,” as he promised to send Zaynab to the Prophet ﷺ and he kept his promise. The Prophet ﷺ then added,“I do not make that which is lawful forbidden, nor do I make that which is forbidden lawful, but by Allah, the daughter of Allah's Messengerﷺand the daughter of the enemy of Allah, (i.e. Aboo Jahl) can never get together (as the wives of one man)” i.e. I do not say a word that contravenes the law of Allah but proceeding with this marriage proposal harms me (and yet I do not say that such marriage is unlawful). It is said that he ﷺ was referring to havingthe daughter of Aboo Jahl as a co-wife with Faatimah, which is to indicate that marrying the daughter of Aboo Jahl is lawful, but he disapproved his marriage to her because that would hurt the feelings of and harm Faatimah (may Allah be pleased with her), and the Prophet ﷺ mentioned that whatever harmed her harmed him. The Prophet ﷺpreserved his rank and the rank of his daughter by not allowing the daughter of the enemy of Allah to be her co-wife. He ﷺ even swore by Allah with confidence that the daughter of Allah's Messengerﷺand the daughter of the enemy of Allah, (i.e. Aboo Jahl) can never get together as the wives of one man. As such, this has become one of the forbidden marriages i.e. having the daughter of Allah's Messengerﷺand the daughter of the enemy of Allah (i.e. Aboo Jahl) as co-wives. It is said that al-Miswar related the story of ‘Alee (may Allah be pleased with him) with the daughter of Aboo Jahl after requesting the sword for many reasons. One of which is that he wanted to say that as the Prophet ﷺ loved Faatimah (may Allah be pleased with her) so much, it is obligatory upon every believer to love her offspring.As the Prophet ﷺ was so considerate of her,gave importance toher feelings and wanted to ensure her happiness, he thuswanted to do the same, and ensure that which was in the best interestsof her grandson. Hence, he should be entrusted with the sword, as he would do all he could to serve ‘Alee ibn al-Husayn’s best interests.Another reason for narrating the story was to show that as the Prophet ﷺ swore by Allah while being confident that He would enable for his oath to be fulfilled, al-Miswar swore by Allah that he would protect the sword while being confident that Allah would enable him to protect it. The hadeeth shows that it is forbidden to harm the Prophet ﷺ in any form and by any means. It shows the keen interest of the Companions to keep the items of the Prophet ﷺ and utilize them to teach and educate people. .
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