Hadithcore
Sahih al-Bukhari, 2198
sahih

Narrated Anas bin Malik:

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) forbade the sale of fruits till they are almost ripe. He was asked what is meant by 'are almost ripe.' He replied, "Till they become red." Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) further said, "If Allah spoiled the fruits, what right would one have to take the money of one's brother (i.e. other people)?"

حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ ـ رضى الله عنه ـ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم نَهَى عَنْ بَيْعِ الثِّمَارِ حَتَّى تُزْهِيَ‏.‏ فَقِيلَ لَهُ وَمَا تُزْهِي قَالَ حَتَّى تَحْمَرَّ‏.‏ فَقَالَ ‏

‏ أَرَأَيْتَ إِذَا مَنَعَ اللَّهُ الثَّمَرَةَ، بِمَ يَأْخُذُ أَحَدُكُمْ مَالَ أَخِيهِ ‏

‏‏.‏

References2 variants
In-Book Reference
Book 34, Hadith 145
USC-MSA web (English) reference
Vol. 3, Book 34, Hadith 403 (deprecated numbering scheme)
Sharh · explanationclick to expand
Preventing cheating in sales and avoiding potential disputes between buyers and sellers are among the objectives of the Laws of Islam. Therefore, the Prophet ﷺ forbade some sales that could lead to cheating and deception, or cause potential disputes between the two parties. In this hadeeth, the Prophet ﷺ forbade selling only the unpicked fruits (rather than the fruits or dates and trees or palm trees) before they ripen, by showing signs of ripeness in terms of color or shape. The Prophet ﷺ underlined the reason for such a prohibition saying: “If Allah caused the fruits to go bad and spoil, what right would one have to take the money of his fellow Muslim brother (i.e., the buyer)?” This means that the Prophet ﷺ forbade such a sale because the unripe fruits may go bad and spoil, and thus the buyer would lose his money.It is prohibited for a Muslim to unlawfully take his Muslim brother’s wealth, and selling unripe fruits may lead to unlawfully taking the wealth of one’s Muslim brother, because if the fruits went bad and spoiled, the buyer would not receive anything in return for his payment! .
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