Hadithcore
Sahih al-Bukhari, 1088
sahih

Narrated Abu Huraira:

The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "It is not permissible for a woman who believes in Allah and the Last Day to travel for one day and night except with a Mahram."

حَدَّثَنَا آدَمُ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدٌ الْمَقْبُرِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ـ رضى الله عنهما ـ قَالَ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏

‏ لاَ يَحِلُّ لاِمْرَأَةٍ تُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الآخِرِ أَنْ تُسَافِرَ مَسِيرَةَ يَوْمٍ وَلَيْلَةٍ لَيْسَ مَعَهَا حُرْمَةٌ ‏

‏‏.‏ تَابَعَهُ يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ وَسُهَيْلٌ وَمَالِكٌ عَنِ الْمَقْبُرِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ـ رضى الله عنه‏.‏

References2 variants
In-Book Reference
Book 18, Hadith 9
USC-MSA web (English) reference
Vol. 2, Book 20, Hadith 194 (deprecated numbering scheme)
Sharh · explanationclick to expand
A woman enjoys an exalted position in Islam, thus, it has raised her status and has preserved her; and has ordered for her care in every situation, whether while she is travelling or not. From the aspects of safeguarding her were what was mentioned in this hadeeth where the Prophet ﷺ prohibited and strongly admonished women from traveling without a mahram. He ﷺ reported for the sanctity of it that it is not permissible for a woman who believes in Allah the All-Powerful, the Last Day in which the reckoning occurs, Paradise, and Hell - to depart for a one-day-and-night journey unless a mahram of hers is in her company. Because, whoever believes in Allah, and the Last Day does not engage in the illicit and disobey the decrees of Allah. It is as if it implies a punishment from Allah for whoever disobeys this command. It is mentioned in Saheehal-Bukhaaree and SaheehMuslim from a hadeeth [narrated] by Ibn ʿUmar (may Allah be pleased with them) that [there is a] prohibition for a woman traveling for a period of three days and nights, unless she is accompanied by a mahram. [To this], it has been said that the duration varies according to the difference of the two questioners [being discussed in the two different hadeeths respectively], and their places differ; and the prohibition which says three days is not a declaration of permissibility to travel the distance of a day and night. In fact, all that is [mentioned above] is not a definition in the least [to describe] what the noun ‘travel’ implies, and it has not been narrated that the Prophet ﷺ had defined the minimum criteria of what one may call ‘traveling’. The upshot here is: that everything that is called ‘travel’ - a woman is prohibited from partaking in it without a husband or mahram [being present with her]. Whether it is for three days, two, one, half of the day, and other than that. The mahram of a woman is: her spouse, and any male who is permanently unlawful for her to marry; due to kinship, breastfeeding, or relationship by marriage - so the paternal cousin, or the: maternal cousin, [her] sister’s husband, a paternal aunt’s husband, a maternal aunt’s husband, and the like do not enter the category of people who are unmarriageable, because they are permissible [for her] to marry if he/they separate [i.e. divorces] from his/their wife/wives. The presence of her husband or the mahram with her is not only to ward off an assault on her if it occurs; but، also to remove any suspicion or doubt about her, and the like. Some of the other benefits that we can conclude from this hadeeth is that we realize that there is a prohibition for the woman to travel for a distance of one day and night, or longer without a mahram accompanying her. .
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