Sahih al-Bukhari, 1086
sahihNarrated Ibn `Umar:
The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "A woman should not travel for more than three days except with a Dhi-Mahram (i.e. a male with whom she cannot marry at all, e.g. her brother, father, grandfather, etc.) or her own husband.)"
حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْحَنْظَلِيُّ، قَالَ قُلْتُ لأَبِي أُسَامَةَ حَدَّثَكُمْ عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ ـ رضى الله عنهما ـ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ
لاَ تُسَافِرِ الْمَرْأَةُ ثَلاَثَةَ أَيَّامٍ إِلاَّ مَعَ ذِي مَحْرَمٍ
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Isnad
4 transmittersReferences2 variants
- In-Book Reference
- Book 18, Hadith 7
- USC-MSA web (English) reference
- Vol. 2, Book 20, Hadith 192 (deprecated numbering scheme)
Sharh · explanationclick to expand
A woman enjoys an exalted position in Islam, thus, it has raised her status and has preserved her; and has ordered for her care in every situation, whether while she is travelling or not. From the aspects of safeguarding her were what was mentioned in this hadeeth; where the Prophet ﷺ prohibited women from traveling by themselves for a period of three days and nights - except if her husband or her male mahram is with her. In another narration in Saheehal-Bukhaaree the Prophet ﷺ forbade a woman from traveling for a period of a day and a night without a mahram. It has been said that the duration varies according to the difference of the two questioners [being discussed in the two different hadeeth respectively], and their places differ. The prohibition which says three days is not a declaration of permissibility to travel the distance of a day and night. In fact, all that is [mentioned above] is not a definition in the least [to describe] what the noun ‘travel’ implies. Furthermore, it has not been narrated that the Prophet ﷺ defined the minimum criteria of what one may call ‘traveling’. The upshot here is that everything that is called ‘travel’ - a woman is prohibited from partaking in it without a husband or mahram [being present with her]. Whether it is for three days, two, one, half of the day, or the like. The mahram of a woman can be her spouse, or any male who is permanently unlawful for her to marry due to kinship, breastfeeding, or relationship by marriage. As for the paternal cousin, the maternal cousin, [her] sister’s husband, a paternal aunt’s husband, a maternal aunt’s husband, and the like are not deemed a mahram because they can marry her if he separates [i.e., divorces] from his wife. The presence of her husband or the mahram with her is not only to ward off an assault on her if it occurs; but، also to remove any suspicion or doubt about her, and the like. In any case, it is obligatory to submit to the immaculate religion and abide by its law, because all of the good and best interest for society resides therein. .