Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "The neighbor is most entitled to the right of option to buy his neighbor's property, and its exercise should be waited for, even if he is absent, if the two properties have one road." [Reported by Ahmad and al-Arba'a; its narrators are reliable (thiqah)].
وَعَنْ جَابِرٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -{ اَلْجَارُ أَحَقُّ بِشُفْعَةِ جَارِهِ, يُنْتَظَرُ بِهَا - وَإِنْ كَانَ غَائِبًا - إِذَا كَانَ طَرِيقُهُمَا وَاحِدًا } رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ, وَالْأَرْبَعَةُ, وَرِجَالُهُ ثِقَاتٌ [1] .
The Prophet (ﷺ) said: "The option to buy neighboring property is like loosening the knot (which restraints the camel)." [Reported by Ibn Majah and al-Bazzar, who added: "And there is no option to buy a neighboring property for one who is absent." Its chain of narrators is Da'if (weak)].
وَعَنْ اِبْنِ عُمَرَ -رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا-, عَنِ اَلنَّبِيِّ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -قَالَ: { اَلشُّفْعَةُ كَحَلِّ اَلْعِقَالِ } رَوَاهُ اِبْنُ مَاجَهْ وَالْبَزَّارُ, وَزَادَ:
The Prophet (ﷺ) said: "There are three things which contain blessings: A business transaction in which payment is agreed on a fixed later time, al-Muqaradah (speculative partnership), and mixing wheat and barley for one's household use but not for sale." [Reported by Ibn Majah through a Da'if (weak) chain of narrators].
عَنْ صُهَيْبٍ - رضى الله عنه - أَنَّ اَلنَّبِيَّ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -قَالَ: { ثَلَاثٌ فِيهِنَّ اَلْبَرَكَةُ: اَلْبَيْعُ إِلَى أَجَلٍ، وَالْمُقَارَضَةُ، وَخَلْطُ اَلْبُرِّ بِالشَّعِيرِ لِلْبَيْتِ, لَا لِلْبَيْعِ } رَوَاهُ اِبْنُ مَاجَهْ بِإِسْنَادٍ ضَعِيفٍ [1] .
He used to make a condition on the man to whom he gave his property in al-Muqaradah (to trade with, and the profit being shared between them), that: "You should not trade with my property in living beings, and do not transport it by sea, and do not settle with it at the bottom of a river-bed; and if you do any of the aforesaid acts you should then guarantee my property." [ad-Daraqutni reported it and its narrators are reliable (thiqah)].
Malik said in al-Muwatta' from al-'Ala bin 'Abdur-Rahman bin Ya'qub from his father on the authority of his grandfather that he traded with some property belonging to 'Uthman (RA) so that the profit would be divided between them. [This hadith is Mawquf (saying of a Companion) Sahih (authentic)].
They asked him (ﷺ) to allow them to stay on the land, on condition that they should do all the cultivation and have half the dates. Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) replied to them, "We shall allow you to stay on the land, on that condition, as long as we wish." So they remained on the land till 'Umar (RA) expelled them.
وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ لَهُمَا: فَسَأَلُوا أَنْ يُقِرَّهُمْ بِهَا عَلَى أَنْ يَكْفُوا عَمَلَهَا وَلَهُمْ نِصْفُ اَلثَّمَرِ, فَقَالَ لَهُمْ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -{ نُقِرُّكُمْ بِهَا عَلَى ذَلِكَ مَا شِئْنَا ", فَقَرُّوا بِهَا, حَتَّى أَجْلَاهُمْ عُمَرُ } [1] .
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) handed over to the Jews of Khaibar, the palm-trees and the land of Khaibar, on condition that they should employ their own resources in working on it and keep half of its produce.
وَلِمُسْلِمٍ: { أَنَّ رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -دَفَعَ إِلَى يَهُودِ خَيْبَرَ نَخْلَ خَيْبَرَ وَأَرْضَهَا عَلَى أَنْ يَعْتَمِلُوهَا مِنْ أَمْوَالِهِمْ, وَلَهُ شَطْرُ ثَمَرِهَا } [1] .
I asked Rafi' bin Khadij (RA) about renting land for gold and silver and he replied, "There is no harm in that, as the people used to rent land in the time of Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) for what grew by the river-beds, and the edges of the brooks/streams, or for a portion of the crop. However, sometimes this portion of the crop would be destroyed while the other is saved, or vice-versa. Thus, there would be no wages to pay the people (the owners of the land) except for the portion which produced a crop." For this reason, he warned against this (practice). However, if it is (rented) for something known and guaranteed, then there is no harm in it. [Muslim reported it]. This narration contains a clarification of what was mentioned in general terms in the previous narration of al-Bukhari and Muslim, regarding the general prohibition of renting out land.
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) forbade al-Muzara'ah (employing people on land for a share of the produce), and ordered al-Mu'ajara (renting it out for cash). [Reported by Muslim].
وَعَنْ ثَابِتِ بْنِ اَلضَّحَّاكِ - رضى الله عنه - { أَنَّ رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -نَهَى عَنْ اَلْمُزَارَعَةِ [ وَأَمَرَ ] [1] بِالْمُؤَاجَرَةِ } رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ أَيْضًا [2] .
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) had himself cupped and gave the one who cupped him his pay; and if it were prohibited he would not have given him (his pay). [Reported by al-Bukhari].
وَعَنْ اِبْنِ عَبَّاسٍ -رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا-; أَنَّهُ قَالَ: { اِحْتَجَمَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -وَأَعْطَى اَلَّذِي حَجَمَهُ أَجْرَهُ } وَلَوْ كَانَ حَرَاماً لَمْ يُعْطِهِ. رَوَاهُ اَلْبُخَارِيُّ [1] .
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "The earnings of a cupper (Hajjam) are impure." [Reported by Muslim].
وَعَنْ رَافِعِ بْنِ خَدِيجٍ - رضى الله عنه - قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -{ كَسْبُ اَلْحَجَّامِ خَبِيثٌ } رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ [1] .
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "Allah, the Great and Glorious, has said, "There are three whose adversary I shall be on the Day of Resurrection: A man who gave a promise in My Name and then betrayed; a man who sold a free man and consumed his price; and a man who hired a worker and, after receiving full service from him, did not give him his wages.'" [Reported by Muslim].
وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ - رضى الله عنه - قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -{ قَالَ اَللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ ثَلَاثَةٌ أَنَا خَصْمُهُمْ يَوْمَ اَلْقِيَامَةِ: رَجُلٌ أَعْطَى بِي ثُمَّ غَدَرَ, وَرَجُلٌ بَاعَ حُرًّا , فَأَكَلَ ثَمَنَهُ، وَرَجُلٌ اِسْتَأْجَرَ أَجِيرًا , فَاسْتَوْفَى مِنْهُ, وَلَمْ يُعْطِهِ أَجْرَهُ } رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ [1] .
The Prophet (ﷺ) said: "Whoever hires a worker should pay him his wages in full." [Reported by 'Abdur-Razzaq, and it has Inqita' (a break) in it's chain of narrators. al-Baihaqi reported it Mawsul (unbroken chain) through the narration of Abu Hanifah].
The Prophet (ﷺ) said: "He who develops land that does not belong to anyone, has the most right to it." 'Urwa said that 'Umar ruled according to that during his caliphate. [Reported by al-Bukhari]
عَنْ عُرْوَةَ, عَنْ عَائِشَةَ -رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهَا-; أَنَّ اَلنَّبِيَّ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -قَالَ: { مَنْ عَمَّرَ أَرْضاً لَيْسَتْ لِأَحَدٍ, فَهُوَ أَحَقُّ بِهَا } قَالَ عُرْوَةُ: وَقَضَى بِهِ عُمَرُ فِي خِلَافَتِهِ. رَوَاهُ اَلْبُخَارِيُّ [1] .
The Prophet (ﷺ) said: "If anyone makes a barren land productive, then it belongs to him." [Reported by ath-Thalatha. at-Tirmidhi graded it Hasan (good)].
وَعَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ - رضى الله عنه - عَنْ اَلنَّبِيِّ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -قَالَ: { مَنْ أَحْيَا أَرْضاً مَيْتَةً فَهِيَ لَهُ } رَوَاهُ اَلثَّلَاثَةُ, وَحَسَّنَهُ اَلتِّرْمِذِيُّ.
And he (at-Tirmidhi) said that it was reported in a Mursal (missing link after the Tabi'i) form, which is the case. However, there is disagreement regarding the Companion who heard it from the Prophet (ﷺ), and it has been said that it was Jabir, 'Aishah or 'Abdullah bin 'Umar, and the strongest opinion is that it was the first one (i.e. Jabir).
Narrated Ibn 'Abbas (RA) that as-Sa'b bin Jaththamah al-Laithi (RA) informed him that the Prophet (ﷺ) had said, "There is no preserve except what belongs to Allah and His Messenger." [Reported by al-Bukhari].
وَعَنِ اِبْنِ عَبَّاسٍ; أَنَّ اَلصَّعْبَ بْنَ جَثَّامَةَ - رضى الله عنه - أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ اَلنَّبِيَّ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -قَالَ: { لَا حِمَى إِلَّا لِلَّهِ وَلِرَسُولِهِ } رَوَاهُ اَلْبُخَارِيُّ [1] .
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "There should neither be harming (of others without cause), nor reciprocating harm (between two parties)." [Reported by Ahmad and Ibn Majah].
وَعَنْ اِبْنِ عَبَّاسٍ -رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا- قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -{ لَا ضَرَرَ وَلَا ضِرَارَ } رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ, وَابْنُ مَاجَهْ [1] .
Ibn Majah reported something similar to the aforesaid Hadith from Abu Sa'id's narration. It is found in al-Muwatta' in a Mursal form (missing link after the Tabi'i).
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "If anyone puts a wall around a (barren) land, it belongs to him." [Reported by Abu Dawud and Ibn al-Jarud graded it Sahih (authentic)].
وَعَنْ سَمُرَةَ بْنِ جُنْدُبٍ - رضى الله عنه - قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -{ مَنْ أَحَاطَ حَائِطًا عَلَى أَرْضٍ فَهِيَ لَهُ } رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ, وَصَحَّحَهُ اِبْنُ اَلْجَارُودِ [1] .
The Prophet (ﷺ), "Whoever digs a well, shall have forty cubits (of land) as resting place for his animals near the water." [Reported by Ibn Majah through a weak chain of narrators].
وَعَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ مُغَفَّلٍ - رضى الله عنه - أَنَّ اَلنَّبِيَّ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -قَالَ: { مَنْ حَفَرَ بِئْرًا فَلَهُ أَرْبَعُونَ ذِرَاعًا عَطَنًا لِمَاشِيَتِهِ } رَوَاهُ اِبْنُ مَاجَهْ بِإِسْنَادٍ ضَعِيفٍ [1] .