Fasting

And it's basic meaning is in Al-Bukhari and Muslim from the narration of Aisha (with the wording) "that Hamza bin 'Amro asked".

وَأَصْلُهُ فِي

اَلْمُتَّفَقِِ

مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَائِشَةَ; { أَنَّ حَمْزَةَ بْنَ عَمْرٍو سَأَلَ } [1]‏

Ibn ’Abbas (RAA) narrated, ‘An elderly man is permitted to break his fast, but he must feed a poor person daily, and he does not have to make up for it.’ Related by Ad-Daraqutni and Al- hakim, who rendered it to be Sahih

وَعَنِ اِبْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ‏-رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا‏- قَالَ: { رُخِّصَ لِلشَّيْخِ اَلْكَبِيرِ أَنْ يُفْطِرَ, وَيُطْعِمَ عَنْ كُلِّ يَوْمٍ مِسْكِينًا, وَلَا قَضَاءَ عَلَيْهِ } رَوَاهُ اَلدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ, وَالْحَاكِمُ, وَصَحَّحَاهُ [1]‏ .‏

Abu Hurairah (RAA) narrated that A man came to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) and said, “l am ruined O Messenger of Allah (ﷺ)!" The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) asked him, “What has ruined you?" The man replied, ‘I had intercourse with my wife during the day in Ramadan while fasting)’ The Prophet (ﷺ) said to him, "Are you able to free a slave?" The man said, ‘No.’ The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "Can you fast for two consecutive months?" He said, ‘NO.' The Prophet (ﷺ) then asked him, "Can you provide food for sixty poor people?" He said, ‘No.’ Then the man sat down. A basket of dates was brought to the Prophet (ﷺ) and he said to the man, “Give this as Sadaqah (voluntary charity)” The man said, ‘To someone who is poorer than us!’ There is no one in this city (Al-Madinah) who is in need of these dates more than us!’ The Prophet (ﷺ) laughed until his molar teeth could be seen and said to the man, “Go and feed your family with these dates.” Related by the seven Imams and the wording is from Muslim.

وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ‏- رضى الله عنه ‏- قَالَ: { جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى اَلنَّبِيِّ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-فَقَالَ: هَلَكْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ.‏ قَالَ: " وَمَا أَهْلَكَكَ ? " قَالَ: وَقَعْتُ عَلَى اِمْرَأَتِي فِي رَمَضَانَ، فَقَالَ: " هَلْ تَجِدُ مَا تَعْتِقُ رَقَبَةً? " قَالَ: لَا.‏ قَالَ: " فَهَلْ تَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ تَصُومَ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتَابِعَيْنِ? " قَالَ: لَا.‏ قَالَ: " فَهَلْ تَجِدُ مَا تُطْعِمُ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِينًا? " قَالَ: لَا, ثُمَّ جَلَسَ, فَأُتِي اَلنَّبِيُّ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-بِعَرَقٍ فِيهِ تَمْرٌ.‏ فَقَالَ: " تَصَدَّقْ بِهَذَا ", فَقَالَ: أَعَلَى أَفْقَرَ مِنَّا? فَمَا بَيْنَ لَابَتَيْهَا أَهْلُ بَيْتٍ أَحْوَجُ إِلَيْهِ مِنَّا, فَضَحِكَ اَلنَّبِيُّ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-حَتَّى بَدَتْ أَنْيَابُهُ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: "اذْهَبْ فَأَطْعِمْهُ أَهْلَكَ " } رَوَاهُ اَلسَّبْعَةُ, وَاللَّفْظُ لِمُسْلِمٍ [1]‏ .‏

'A’isha and Umm Salamah (RAA) narrated, The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) would rise in the morning (when it is already Fajr time) while he was Junub (in a state of major ritual impurity due to intercourse) on a day in Ramadan. He would then perform Ghusl and fast. Agreed upon. In the narration of Muslim on the authority of Umm Salamah, ‘And he would not make up for it (that day).’

677 678‏- وَعَنْ عَائِشَةَ وَأُمِّ سَلَمَةَ رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا { أَنَّ اَلنَّبِيَّ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-كَانَ يُصْبِحُ جُنُبًا مِنْ جِمَاعٍ, ثُمَّ يَغْتَسِلُ وَيَصُومُ } مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ [1]‏ .‏ زَادَ مُسْلِمٌ فِي حَدِيثِ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ: [ وَ ] لَا يَقْضِي [2]‏ .‏

'A’isha (RAA) narrated that The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said:

"Whoever dies while he still has some fasts to make up (of the days of Ramadan), then his heir (any of them) should fast on his behalf.” Agreed upon.

وَعَنْ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهَا; أَنَّ رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-قَالَ: { مَنْ مَاتَ وَعَلَيْهِ صِيَامٌ صَامَ عَنْهُ وَلِيُّهُ } مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ [1]‏ .‏

Abu Qatadah Al-Ansari (RAA) narrated, ‘The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) was asked about fasting on the day of Arafah (the 9th of the month of Dhul Hijjah). He replied, "Fasting on the day of Arafah is an expiation for the preceding year and the following year.” He was also asked about fasting on the day of Ashura (the 10th of the month of Muharram). He replied, “Fasting on the day of Ashura is an expiation for the preceding year.” The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) was also asked about fasting on Monday, and he replied, "This is the day on which I was born and the day on which I was sent (with the Message of Islam) and the day on which I received revelation." Related by Muslim.

عَنْ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ اَلْأَنْصَارِيِّ ‏- رضى الله عنه ‏- { أَنَّ رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-سُئِلَ عَنْ صَوْمِ يَوْمِ عَرَفَةَ.‏ قَالَ: " يُكَفِّرُ اَلسَّنَةَ اَلْمَاضِيَةَ وَالْبَاقِيَةَ ", وَسُئِلَ عَنْ صِيَامِ يَوْمِ عَاشُورَاءَ.‏ قَالَ: " يُكَفِّرُ اَلسَّنَةَ اَلْمَاضِيَةَ " وَسُئِلَ عَنْ صَوْمِ يَوْمِ اَلِاثْنَيْنِ, قَالَ: " ذَاكَ يَوْمٌ وُلِدْتُ فِيهِ, وَبُعِثْتُ فِيهِ, أَوْ أُنْزِلَ عَلَيَّ فِيهِ " } رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ [1]‏ .‏

Abu Aiyub Al-Ansari (RAA) narrated that The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said:

"Whoever fasts during the month of Ramadan and then follows it with six days of Shawwal will be (rewarded) as if he had fasted the entire year." Related by Muslim.

وَعَنْ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ اَلْأَنْصَارِيِّ ‏- رضى الله عنه ‏- أَنَّ رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-قَالَ: { مَنْ صَامَ رَمَضَانَ, ثُمَّ أَتْبَعَهُ سِتًّا مِنْ شَوَّالٍ كَانَ كَصِيَامِ اَلدَّهْرِ } رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ [1]‏ .‏

Abu Sa'id Al-Khudri (RAA) narrated that The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said:

“No servant (of Allah) fasts on a day (merely) for the sake of Allah except that Allah pushes the Hellfire seventy years further away from his face, due to fasting on this day.” Agreed upon and the wording is from Muslim.

وَعَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ اَلْخُدْرِيِّ ‏- رضى الله عنه ‏- قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-{ مَا مِنْ عَبْدٍ يَصُومُ يَوْمًا فِي سَبِيلِ اَللَّهِ إِلَّا بَاعَدَ اَللَّهُ بِذَلِكَ اَلْيَوْمِ عَنْ وَجْهِهِ [1]‏ اَلنَّارَ سَبْعِينَ خَرِيفًا } مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ, وَاللَّفْظُ لِمُسْلِمٍ [2]‏ .‏

'A’isha (RAA) narrated, ‘The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) used to fast until one would say, he never breaks his fast (i.e. he never stops fasting), and he would abandon fasting (at other times) until one would say that he never fasts. And I never saw the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) fast for a complete month except for the month of Ramadan, and I never saw him fast in a month more than he did in the month of Sha’ban.” Agreed upon and the wording is from Muslim.

وَعَنْ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهَا قَالَتْ: { كَانَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-يَصُومُ حَتَّى نَقُولَ لَا يُفْطِرُ, وَيُفْطِرُ حَتَّى نَقُولَ لَا يَصُومُ, وَمَا رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-اِسْتَكْمَلَ صِيَامَ شَهْرٍ قَطُّ إِلَّا رَمَضَانَ, وَمَا رَأَيْتُهُ فِي شَهْرٍ أَكْثَرَ مِنْهُ صِيَامًا فِي شَعْبَانَ } مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ، وَاللَّفْظُ لِمُسْلِمٍ [1]‏ .‏

Abu Dharr (RAA) narrated that The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) commanded us to fast for three days of every month; that is on the days of the full moon; the 13th , 14th , and 15th (of the lunar month).’ Related by An-Nasa’i and At-Tirmidhi and rendered authentic by Ibn Hibban.

وَعَنْ أَبِي ذَرٍّ ‏- رضى الله عنه ‏- قَالَ: { أَمَرَنَا رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-أَنْ نَصُومَ مِنْ اَلشَّهْرِ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ: ثَلَاثَ عَشْرَةَ, وَأَرْبَعَ عَشْرَةَ وَخَمْسَ عَشْرَةَ } رَوَاهُ النَّسَائِيُّ, وَاَلتِّرْمِذِيُّ, وَصَحَّحَهُ اِبْنُ حِبَّانَ [1]‏ .‏

Abu Hurairah (RAA) narrated that The Messenger of Allah said, "A woman is not to fast (even) for one day while her husband is present except with his permission" Agreed upon and the wording is from Al-Bukhari. Abu Dawud’s version states, “unless it is during Ramadan (then she does not need his permission as it is obligatory fasting).’’

وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ‏- رضى الله عنه ‏- أَنَّ رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-قَالَ: { لَا يَحِلُّ لِلْمَرْأَةِ أَنْ تَصُومَ وَزَوْجُهَا شَاهِدٌ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِهِ } مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ, وَاللَّفْظُ لِلْبُخَارِيِّ [1]‏ .‏ وَزَادَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ: { غَيْرَ رَمَضَانَ } [2]‏ .‏

Abu Sa'id Al-Khudri (RAA) narrated. ‘The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) has prohibited fasting on two days; the day of Fitr (breaking the fast of Ramadan) and on the day of sacrifice ('Idul Adha).’ Agreed upon.

وَعَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ اَلْخُدْرِيِّ ‏- رضى الله عنه ‏- { أَنَّ رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-نَهَى عَنْ صِيَامِ يَوْمَيْنِ: يَوْمِ اَلْفِطْرِ وَيَوْمِ اَلنَّحْرِ } مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ [1]‏ .‏

Nubaishah Al-Hudhali (RAA) narrated that The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said:

“The days of Tashriq (the three days following 'Idul Ad-ha, i.e. 11th , 12th and 13th of Dhul Hijjah) are days of eating, drinking and remembering (dhikr) of Allah, the Most Great and Glorious." Related by Muslim.

وَعَنْ نُبَيْشَةَ اَلْهُذَلِيِّ ‏- رضى الله عنه ‏- قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-{ أَيَّامُ اَلتَّشْرِيقِ أَيَّامُ أَكْلٍ وَشُرْبٍ, وَذِكْرٍ لِلَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ } رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ [1]‏ .‏

'A’isha and lbn 'Umar (RAA) narrated, ‘Nobody was allowed to fast on the days of Tashriq except for those, who could not afford the Hadi (sacrifice).' Related by Al-Bukhari.

وَعَنْ عَائِشَةَ وَابْنِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهُمْ قَالَا: { لَمْ يُرَخَّصْ فِي أَيَّامِ اَلتَّشْرِيقِ أَنْ يُصَمْنَ إِلَّا لِمَنْ لَمْ يَجِدِ اَلْهَدْيَ } رَوَاهُ اَلْبُخَارِيُّ [1]‏ .‏

Abu Hurairah (RAA) narrated that The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said:

"Do not single out Friday night (i.e. the night preceding Friday) among all the other nights for performing the night prayer. Also, do not single out Friday among other days for fasting, unless it coincides with the days one regularly fasts." Related by Muslim.

وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ‏- رضى الله عنه ‏- عَنِ اَلنَّبِيِّ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-قَالَ: { لَا تَخْتَصُّوا لَيْلَةَ اَلْجُمُعَةِ بِقِيَامٍ مِنْ بَيْنِ اَللَّيَالِي, وَلَا تَخْتَصُّوا يَوْمَ اَلْجُمُعَةِ بِصِيَامٍ مِنْ بَيْنِ اَلْأَيَّامِ, إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ فِي صَوْمٍ يَصُومُهُ أَحَدُكُمْ } رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ [1]‏ .‏

Abu Hurairah, narrated that The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said:

“None of you should fast on Friday, unless he fasts together with the day before or the day after.” Agreed upon.

وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ‏- رضى الله عنه ‏- قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-{ لَا يَصُومَنَّ أَحَدُكُمْ يَوْمَ اَلْجُمُعَةِ, إِلَّا أَنْ يَصُومَ يَوْمًا قَبْلَهُ, أَوْ يَوْمًا بَعْدَهُ } مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ [1]‏ .‏

Abu Hurairah (RAA) narrated that The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said:

"When it is the middle of Sha'ban do not fast (until it is Ramadan).” Related by the five Imams, but Imam Ahmad declared it to be a weak narration.

وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ‏- رضى الله عنه ‏- أَنَّ رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-قَالَ: { إِذَا اِنْتَصَفَ شَعْبَانَ فَلَا تَصُومُوا } رَوَاهُ اَلْخَمْسَةُ, وَاسْتَنْكَرَهُ أَحْمَدُ [1]‏ .‏

As-Samma’ bint Busr (RAA) narrated that The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said:

"Do not fast on Saturday unless it is an obligatory fast. (Do not fast) even if you do not find anything (to eat) except for some grape peelings or the branch of a tree, in that case he should chew on it." Related by the five Imams and its narrators are reliable. Imam Malik disapproved this narration, and Abu Dawud said that this narration is abrogated.

وَعَنِ اَلصَّمَّاءِ بِنْتِ بُسْرٍ رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهَا أَنَّ رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-قَالَ: { لَا تَصُومُوا يَوْمَ اَلسَّبْتِ, إِلَّا فِيمَا اِفْتُرِضَ عَلَيْكُمْ, فَإِنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ أَحَدُكُمْ إِلَّا لِحَاءَ عِنَبٍ, أَوْ عُودَ شَجَرَةٍ فَلْيَمْضُغْهَا } رَوَاهُ اَلْخَمْسَةُ, وَرِجَالُهُ ثِقَاتٌ, إِلَّا أَنَّهُ مُضْطَرِبٌ [1]‏ .‏ وَقَدْ أَنْكَرَهُ مَالِكٌ [2]‏ .‏ وَقَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ: هُوَ مَنْسُوخٌ [3]‏ .‏

Umm Salamah (RAA) narrated, The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) used to fast more often on Saturdays and Sundays than on the other days. He would say, "They are the 'ids of the polytheists, and I love to act contrary to what they do." Related by An-Nasal and was rendered authentic by Ibn Khuzaimah, and the wording is his.

وَعَنْ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهَا; { أَنَّ رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-كَانَ أَكْثَرَ مَا يَصُومُ مِنَ اَلْأَيَّامِ يَوْمُ اَلسَّبْتِ, وَيَوْمُ اَلْأَحَدِ, وَكَانَ يَقُولُ:

إِنَّهُمَا يَوْمَا عِيدٍ لِلْمُشْرِكِينَ, وَأَنَا أُرِيدُ أَنْ أُخَالِفَهُمْ

} أَخْرَجَهُ النَّسَائِيُّ, وَصَحَّحَهُ اِبْنُ خُزَيْمَةَ, وَهَذَا لَفْظُهُ [1]‏ .‏

Abu Hurairah (RAA) narrated that The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) forbade fasting on the day of Arafah for the one who is actually at Arafah (i.e. performing Hajj). Related by the five Imams except for At-Tirmidhi. Ibn Khuzaimah and al-Hakim graded it as Sahih.

وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ‏- رضى الله عنه ‏- أَنَّ اَلنَّبِيَّ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-{ نَهَى عَنْ صَوْمِ يَوْمِ عَرَفَةَ بِعَرَفَةَ } رَوَاهُ اَلْخَمْسَةُ غَيْرَ اَلتِّرْمِذِيِّ, وَصَحَّحَهُ اِبْنُ خُزَيْمَةَ, وَالْحَاكِمُ, وَاسْتَنْكَرَهُ الْعُقَيْلِيُّ [1]‏ .‏

’Abdullah Ibn 'Umar (RAA) narrated that The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said:

“May he, who perpetually fasts (without a break) never fast." Agreed upon.

وَعَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرِوٍ رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-{ لَا صَامَ مَنْ صَامَ اَلْأَبَدَ } مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ [1]‏ .‏

Muslim narrated on the authority of Abu Qatadah, “May he not fast or break his fast."

وَلِمُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ بِلَفْظِ: { لَا صَامَ وَلَا أَفْطَرَ } [1]‏ .‏

Abu Hurairah narrated that The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said:

“Whoever prays during the night in Ramadan out of sincere faith and seeking its reward from Allah, will have all of his previous sins forgiven." Agreed upon.

عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ‏- رضى الله عنه ‏- أَنَّ رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-قَالَ: { مَنْ قَامَ رَمَضَانَ إِيمَانًا وَاحْتِسَابًا, غُفِرَ لَهُ مَا تَقَدَّمَ مِنْ ذَنْبِهِ } مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ [1]‏ .‏

'A’isha (RAA) narrated, ‘With the start of the last ten days of Ramadan, the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) used to tighten his waist belt (i.e. keep away from his wives) and used to stay up praying all night, and he would also wake his wives (to pray and recite Qur’an etc..).” Agreed upon.

وَعَنْ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهَا قَالَتْ: { كَانَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-إِذَا دَخَلَ اَلْعَشْرُ ‏-أَيْ: اَلْعَشْرُ اَلْأَخِيرُ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ‏- شَدَّ مِئْزَرَهُ, وَأَحْيَا لَيْلَهُ, وَأَيْقَظَ أَهْلَهُ } مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ [1]‏ .‏

'A’isha (RAA) narrated, ’The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) used to perform I'tikaf during the last ten days of Ramadan until he died. Then his wives used to perform I'tikaf after his death.’ Agreed upon.

وَعَنْهَا: { أَنَّ اَلنَّبِيَّ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-كَانَ يَعْتَكِفُ اَلْعَشْرَ اَلْأَوَاخِرَ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ, حَتَّى تَوَفَّاهُ اَللَّهُ, ثُمَّ اعْتَكَفَ أَزْوَاجُهُ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ } مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ [1]‏ .‏