Abu Hurairah (RAA) narrated that The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said:
"None of you should fast a day or two before the (beginning of the) mouth of Ramadan, unless it is a day on which one is in the habit of fasting (i.e. voluntary fasting that coincides with that day).” Agreed upon.
عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ - رضى الله عنه - قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -{ لَا تَقَدَّمُوا رَمَضَانَ بِصَوْمِ يَوْمٍ وَلَا يَوْمَيْنِ, إِلَّا رَجُلٌ كَانَ يَصُومُ صَوْمًا, فَلْيَصُمْهُ } مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ [1] .
’Ammar bin Yasir (RAA) narrated, ‘Whoever fasts the day of doubt he has then disobeyed Abu al-Qasim (the Prophet).’ Related by the five Imams, and Ibn Khuzaimah and Ibn Hibban graded it as Sahih
وَعَنْ عَمَّارِ بْنِ يَاسِرٍ - رضى الله عنه - قَالَ: { مَنْ صَامَ اَلْيَوْمَ اَلَّذِي يُشَكُّ فِيهِ فَقَدْ عَصَى أَبَا اَلْقَاسِمِ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -} وَذَكَرَهُ اَلْبُخَارِيُّ تَعْلِيقًا, وَوَصَلَهُ اَلْخَمْسَةُ, وَصَحَّحَهُ اِبْنُ خُزَيْمَةَ, وَابْنُ حِبَّانَ [1] .
Ibn 'Umar (RAA) narrated, ‘I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) say, "Start fasting after you have seen it (i.e. the new crescent) and end the fast (at the end of the month) when you see it. If it is overcast and cannot be seen, then estimate its sighting (i.e. presume that Sha‘ban lasted for thirty days)." Agreed upon. Muslim narrated, "If it is too overcast to be seen then presume that it (Sha'ban) lasted for thirty days."In another narration by al-Bukhari, "wait, until thirty days of it (Sha’ban) have passed."
Ibn ’Umar (RAA) narrated, ‘The people were trying to sight the new moon (of Ramadan.) and when I reported to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) that I had seen it, he fasted and commanded people to fast.’ Related by Abu Dawud, and Al-Hakim and Ibn Hibban graded it as Sahih.
وَعَنِ اِبْنِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا قَالَ: { تَرَاءَى اَلنَّاسُ اَلْهِلَالَ, فَأَخْبَرْتُ رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -أَنِّي رَأَيْتُهُ, فَصَامَ, وَأَمَرَ اَلنَّاسَ بِصِيَامِهِ } رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ, وَصَحَّحَهُ اِبْنُ حِبَّانَ, وَالْحَاكِمُ [1] .
Ibn ‘Abbas (RAA) narrated, ‘A Bedouin came to the Prophet (ﷺ) and said, ‘I have sighted the crescent (of Ramadan). He then said to him, "Do you testify that there is none worthy of worship but Allah?” The Bedouin said, ‘Yes.’ He asked him again, "Do you testify that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ)?" The man replied, ‘Yes.’ The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) there upon said, "O Bilal! Announce to the people to (start) fasting tomorrow." Related by the five Imams. Ibn Khuzaimah and Ibn Hibban graded it as Sahih. An-Nasa'i said that it is most probably Mursal (a Hadith in which the link between the Successor (Tabi’i) and the Prophet (ﷺ) is missing.
The mother of the believers, Hafsah (RAA) narrated that The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said:
“Whoever does not form his intention to fast before to fajr, his fasting will not be accepted.” Related by the five Imams, but At-Tirmidhi and An-Nasa’i consider it to be related by Hafsah and not connected to the Prophet (ﷺ). Imam Ad-Daraqutni transmitted, "No fasting is accepted for one who does not form the intention (to fast) the night before.”
'A’isha (RAA) narrated, ‘One day the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) entered my house and said, “ls there anything here (to eat)?" I said, ‘NO,’ He said, “I shall then be fasting (today)." Then he came to us another day and we said to him, 'Someone has offered us some hais as a gift.’ He then said, "Show it to me. I had been fasting since this morning, “and he ate from it ( as it was a voluntary fast and not during the obligatory fasting of Ramadan). Related by Muslim.
Abu Hurairah (RAA) narrated, ‘The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said:
"Allah, the Most Exalted said: “Those among My servants, who hasten to break their fast, are the most beloved (or dearest)to Me.” Related by At-Tirmidhi.
وَلِلتِّرْمِذِيِّ: مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ - رضى الله عنه - عَنِ اَلنَّبِيِّ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -قَالَ: { قَالَ اَللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ أَحَبُّ عِبَادِي إِلَيَّ أَعْجَلُهُمْ فِطْرًا } [1] .
Anas (RAA) narrated that The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said:
“Eat the suhur (pre-dawn meal), for there are blessings in this meal.” Agreed upon.
وَعَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ - رضى الله عنه - قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -{ تَسَحَّرُوا فَإِنَّ فِي اَلسَّحُورِ بَرَكَةً } مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ [1] .
Sulaiman bin ’Amir Ad-Dabbi (RAA) narrated that The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said:
“When one of you is breaking his fast, he should eat some dates. If dates are not available, then break it with some water, for water is purifying.’’ Related by the five lmams. Ibn Khuzaimah, Ibn Hibban and al-Hakim graded it as Sahih.
وَعَنْ سَلْمَانَ بْنِ عَامِرٍ اَلضَّبِّيِّ - رضى الله عنه - عَنِ اَلنَّبِيِّ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -قَالَ: { إِذَا أَفْطَرَ أَحَدُكُمْ فَلْيُفْطِرْ عَلَى تَمْرٍ, فَإِنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ فَلْيُفْطِرْ عَلَى مَاءٍ, فَإِنَّهُ طَهُورٌ } رَوَاهُ اَلْخَمْسَةُ, وَصَحَّحَهُ اِبْنُ خُزَيْمَةَ وَابْنُ حِبَّانَ وَالْحَاكِمُ [1] .
Abu Hurairah (RAA) narrated, The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) forbade us from practicing wisal in fasting (i.e. fasting continuously without breaking one’s fast in the evening or eating before the following dawn). So a man said to him, ‘But you practice wisal O Messenger of Allah!’ The Prophet (ﷺ) Allah (ﷺ) replied, “Which one of you is like me? I am given food and drink during my sleep by Allah." So when people refused to stop wisal, the Prophet (ﷺ) fasted day and night continuously along with them for a day and then another day and then they saw the crescent (of the new month of Shawwal). The Prophet (ﷺ) said to them, "If the crescent had not appeared, I would have made you fast for a longer period." That was a punishment for them because they refused to stop (practicing Wisal). Agreed upon.
Abu Hurairah (BAA) narrated that The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said:
“Whoever does not give up forged speech and evil actions and does not abandon foolishness, Allah is not in need of his leaving food and drink (i.e. Allah will not accept his FASTING).” Related by Al-Bukhari and Abu Dawud, and the wording is from the latter.
وَعَنْهُ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -{ مَنْ لَمْ يَدَعْ قَوْلَ اَلزُّورِ وَالْعَمَلَ بِهِ, وَالْجَهْلَ, فَلَيْسَ لِلَّهِ حَاجَةٌ فِي أَنْ يَدَعَ طَعَامَهُ وَشَرَابَهُ } رَوَاهُ اَلْبُخَارِيُّ, وَأَبُو دَاوُدَ وَاللَّفْظُ لَهُ [1] .
'A’isha (RAA) narrated that The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) would kiss and embrace (his wives) while fasting, for he had the most control of all of you over his desires.’ Agreed upon and the wording is from Muslim, who added in a narration, ‘In Ramadan.
وَعَنْ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهَا قَالَتْ: { كَانَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -يُقَبِّلُ وَهُوَ صَائِمٌ, وَيُبَاشِرُ وَهُوَ صَائِمٌ, وَلَكِنَّهُ أَمْلَكُكُمْ لِإِرْبِهِ } مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ, وَاللَّفْظُ لِمُسْلِمٍ [1] . وَزَادَ فِي رِوَايَةٍ: { فِي رَمَضَانَ } [2] .
Ibn 'Abbas (RAA) narrated that The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) had himself cupped while he was in a state of Ihram, and had himself cupped while he was fasting.’’ Related by Al-Bukhari.
وَعَنِ اِبْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا; { أَنَّ اَلنَّبِيَّ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -اِحْتَجَمَ وَهُوَ مُحْرِمٌ, وَاحْتَجَمَ وَهُوَ صَائِمٌ } رَوَاهُ اَلْبُخَارِيُّ [1] .
Shaddad bin Aus (RAA) narrated that The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) came across a man in Al-Baqi' (in Madinah) who was having himself cupped in Ramadan., and said to him, “The one who cups and the one who is being cupped have both broken their fast." Related by the five Imams except for At-Tirmidhi. Ahmad, Ibn Khuzaimah and Ibn Hibban regarded it as authentic.
وَعَنْ شَدَّادِ بْنِ أَوْسٍ - رضى الله عنه - { أَنَّ رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -أَتَى عَلَى رَجُلٍ بِالْبَقِيعِ وَهُوَ يَحْتَجِمُ فِي رَمَضَانَ. فَقَالَ:
Anas (RAA) narrated, ‘The first time cupping was dis-liked for the one who is fasting was when Ja’far bin Abi Talib had himself cupped while fasting and the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) came across him and said, "Those two have broken their fast (meaning Ja'far and the man who was cupping him.)" But later on the Prophet (ﷺ) allowed cupping for the one who is fasting. Anas used to have himself cupped while he was fasting. Related by Ad-Daraqutni, who regarded it as a strong hadith.
وَعَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ - رضى الله عنه - قَالَ: { أَوَّلُ مَا كُرِهَتِ اَلْحِجَامَةُ لِلصَّائِمِ; أَنَّ جَعْفَرَ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ اِحْتَجَمَ وَهُوَ صَائِمٌ, فَمَرَّ بِهِ اَلنَّبِيُّ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -فَقَالَ:
أَفْطَرَ هَذَانِ
, ثُمَّ رَخَّصَ اَلنَّبِيُّ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -بَعْدُ فِي اَلْحِجَامَةِ لِلصَّائِمِ, وَكَانَ أَنَسٌ يَحْتَجِمُ وَهُوَ صَائِمٌ } رَوَاهُ اَلدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ وَقَوَّاهُ [1] .
'A’isha (RAA) narrated, The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) applied kohl to his eyes while he was fasting.’ Related by Ibn Majah with a weak chain of narrators. According to At-Tirmidhi, nothing authentic has been related from the Prophet (ﷺ) concerning this issue, i.e. applying kohl, eye drops etc. to the eye while fasting.
وَعَنْ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهَا, { أَنَّ اَلنَّبِيَّ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -اِكْتَحَلَ فِي رَمَضَانَ, وَهُوَ صَائِمٌ } رَوَاهُ اِبْنُ مَاجَهْ بِإِسْنَادٍ ضَعِيفٍ [1] . قَالَ اَلتِّرْمِذِيُّ: لَا يَصِحُّ فِيهِ شَيْءٌ [2] .
Abu Hurairah (RAA) narrated that The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said:
‘Whoever forgets that he is fasting, and eats or drinks is to complete his fast, as it was Allah who fed him and gave him something to drink." Agreed upon.
وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ - رضى الله عنه - قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -{ مَنْ نَسِيَ وَهُوَ صَائِمٌ, فَأَكَلَ أَوْ شَرِبَ, فَلْيُتِمَّ صَوْمَهُ, فَإِنَّمَا أَطْعَمَهُ اَللَّهُ وَسَقَاهُ } مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ [1] .
Al-Hakim transmitted on the authority of Abu Hurairah, “Whoever breaks his fast during Ramadan due to forgetfulness is not to make up for the day later or perform an expiation.” It is a sound hadith.
Jabir (RAA) narrated, ‘The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) left for Makkah during the year of the conquest (of Makkah) in Ramadan and he and the people with him fasted until he reached the valley of Kura Al-Ghamim. He then called for a cup of water, which he elevated so that the people could see it, and then he drank. After-wards, he was told that some people had continued to fast, and he then said, "Those are the disobedient ones! Those are the disobedient ones!”
In another narration, ‘He was told that people are finding it difficult to fast (during the journey) and they are waiting to see what the Prophet (ﷺ) will do. So he called for a cup of water after the Asr (afternoon) prayer and drank it.’ Related by Muslim.
Hamzah bin ’Amro Al-Aslami (RAA) narrated, ‘I said to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) ‘O Messenger of Allah (ﷺ)! I find within me the strength to fast while traveling. Would there be any blame upon me if I were to do so?’ The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said to him, "It is a concession from Allah. Whoever takes it has done well. Whoever likes to fast, there is no blame upon him."Related by Muslim.
وَعَنْ حَمْزَةَ بْنِ عَمْرٍو الْأَسْلَمِيِّ رِضَى اَللَّهُ عَنْهُ; أَنَّهُ قَالَ: { يَا رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ! أَجِدُ بِي قُوَّةً عَلَى اَلصِّيَامِ فِي اَلسَّفَرِ, فَهَلْ عَلَيَّ جُنَاحٌ? فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -