Hadithcore
Musnad Ahmad 1801
graded

It was narrated from "Abdullah bin ‘Abbas:

My brother al-Fadl bin ‘Abbas told me, and he was with him when he entered it [the Ka"bah], that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) did not pray inside the Ka"bah, but when he entered it he fell down in prostration between the two pillars, then he sat and offered supplication.

References1 variant
Arabic/English book
Book 22, Hadith 1801