Hadithcore
Riyad as-Salihin, 880

Abu Musa (May Allah be pleased with him) reported:

The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said, "When one of you sneezes and praises Allah (i.e., says Al-hamdu lillah), you should invoke Allah's Mercy upon him (i.e., say Yarhamuk-Allah); but if he does not praise Allah, you should not respond." <b>[Muslim]</b>.

وعن أبي موسي رضي الله عنه قال‏:‏ سمعت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يقول‏:‏ ‏

‏إذا عطس أحدكم فحمد الله فشمتوه، فإن لم يحمد الله فلا تشمتوه‏

‏ ‏(‏‏(‏رواه مسلم‏)‏‏)‏‏.‏

References1 variant
In-Book Reference
Book 5, Hadith 37
Sharh · explanationclick to expand
<b>Guidance from the Hadiths:</b><br> 1) Recompense for a deed should be of the same nature of the deed. He who praises Allah upon sneezing deserves to receive this supplication “may Allah show mercy to you”. So, we invoke mercy upon him as recompense for his praise of Allah.<br> 2) The believers complement one another. They are like a solid structure.<br> 3) If a person sneezes and does not praise Allah, we ought not to say Tashmit to him, but we teach him the Prophetic etiquette regarding sneezing.<br> 4) It was the Prophet’s guidance to teach the Ummah all the beneficial Shariah etiquettes.<br> Note:<br> According to the Prophet’s guidance in responding to a person who says Tashmit, we should say to him: “Yahdikum Allah wa yuslih bālakum” (May Allah guide you and grant you well being), or “Yaghfir Allah lana wa lakum” (may Allah forgive us and you). These are reported in the Sunnah. As for the phrases laymen say, such as “Yahdina wa yahdikum Allah” (may Allah guide us and you) and the like, these are not part of the Sunnah, and Allah Almighty says: {There has certainly been for you in the Messenger of Allah an excellent example for someone whose hope is in Allah and the Last Day and [who] remembers Allah often.} In saying Dhikr (rememberance of Allah), we should adhere to the Sunnah and keep away from religious innovations.
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