Hadithcore
Sahih al-Bukhari, 901
sahih

Narrated Muhammad bin Seereen:

On a rainy day Ibn `Abbas said to his Mu'adh-dhin, "After saying, 'Ash-hadu anna Muhammadan Rasulullah' (I testify that Muhammad is Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) ), do not say 'Haiya 'Alas-Salat' (come for the prayer) but say 'Pray in your houses'." (The man did so). But the people disliked it. Ibn `Abbas said, "It was done by one who was much better than I (i.e. the Prophet (ﷺ) ). No doubt, the Jumua prayer is compulsory but I dislike to put you to task by bringing you out walking in mud and slush."

حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ، قَالَ أَخْبَرَنِي عَبْدُ الْحَمِيدِ، صَاحِبُ الزِّيَادِيِّ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ ابْنُ عَمِّ، مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ لِمُؤَذِّنِهِ فِي يَوْمٍ مَطِيرٍ إِذَا قُلْتَ أَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ‏.‏ فَلاَ تَقُلْ حَىَّ عَلَى الصَّلاَةِ‏.‏ قُلْ صَلُّوا فِي بُيُوتِكُمْ‏.‏ فَكَأَنَّ النَّاسَ اسْتَنْكَرُوا، قَالَ فَعَلَهُ مَنْ هُوَ خَيْرٌ مِنِّي، إِنَّ الْجُمُعَةَ عَزْمَةٌ، وَإِنِّي كَرِهْتُ أَنْ أُخْرِجَكُمْ، فَتَمْشُونَ فِي الطِّينِ وَالدَّحْضِ‏.‏

References2 variants
In-Book Reference
Book 11, Hadith 25
USC-MSA web (English) reference
Vol. 2, Book 13, Hadith 24 (deprecated numbering scheme)
Sharh · explanationclick to expand
Prayer is the foundation of faith, and the Muslim cannot afford to miss it, whether he is at home or travelling, whether during peacetime or wartime. But the teachings of Islam take people’s situation into consideration when they have no choice and when conditions are hard, and whether it is a time of fear or a time of safety. In this hadith, the Tabi‘i Muhammad ibn Sirin narrates that ‘Abdullah ibn ‘Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) said to his mu’adhdhin on a very rainy day: When you reach in youradhan the words AshhaduannaMuhammadanRasulullah(I bear witness that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah), do not say Hayya ‘ala al-salah (Come to prayer); say instead of that: Sallu fi buyutikum (Pray in your houses), so that the people will hear this concession and not come out. This was in relation to Jumu‘ah prayer, as is mentioned at the end of the report. It was as if the people objected to what he said about there being a concession allowing them not to attend Jumu‘ah because of the rain. So Ibn ‘Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) said to them: One who is better than me did that, meaning the Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him). Then Ibn ‘Abbas explained the reason for this, as he said: Indeed Jumu‘ah is an obligatory prayer, meaning that it is obligatory for every accountable man who hears the call and is not travelling, but I did not like to cause you hardship and difficulty, and there is a concession that makes the matter flexible for you. It was said that what was meant by the phrase translated above as “causing hardship” is: I did not want to be the cause of you incurring sin when you feel reluctant to come, and perhaps some of you may feel angry or say words that are not appropriate because of walking in the mud, which could lead to you slipping and falling. Rain is one of the excuses for which a concession is granted with regard to an obligatory duty, and it is one of the valid excuses for which prayer in congregation may be waived. It was said that the phrase “Sallu fi buyutikum (Pray in your houses)” gives people the choice, and does not mean that they must pray at home; it is up to the worshipper and he has the choice: if he wishes, he may stay at home, and if he wishes, he may go out to the mosque. This hadith highlights one aspect of how things may be made easier for people in such situations. It also indicates that rain is one of the reasons for which Jumu‘ah prayer and prayers in congregation may be waived. .
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