The Prophet (ﷺ) forbade buying what is in the wombs of domestic animals till they give birth; selling what is in their udders; buying a runaway slave; buying (something from) the spoils of war until they are divided; buying Sadaqat before they are received; and the unknown catch (find) of a diver. [Ibn Majah, al-Bazzar and ad-Daraqutni reported it with a weak chain of narrators].
وَعَنِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ اَلْخُدْرِيِّ - رضى الله عنه - { أَنَّ اَلنَّبِيَّ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -نَهَى عَنْ شِرَاءِ مَا فِي بُطُونِ اَلْأَنْعَامِ حَتَّى تَضَعَ, وَعَنْ بَيْعِ مَا فِي ضُرُوعِهَا, وَعَنْ شِرَاءِ اَلْعَبْدِ وَهُوَ آبِقٌ, وَعَنْ شِرَاءِ اَلْمَغَانِمِ حَتَّى تُقْسَمَ, وَعَنْ شِرَاءِ اَلصَّدَقَاتِ حَتَّى تُقْبَضَ, وَعَنْ ضَرْبَةِ اَلْغَائِصِ } رَوَاهُ اِبْنُ مَاجَهْ, وَالْبَزَّارُ, وَاَلدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ بِإِسْنَادٍ ضَعِيفٍ [1] .
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "Do not buy the fish that is in the water, for it involves uncertainty (risk)." [Reported by Ahmad who indicated that the correct view is that it is Mawquf (saying of a Companion, i.e. Ibn Mas'ud].
وَعَنِ اِبْنِ مَسْعُودٍ - رضى الله عنه - قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -{ لَا تَشْتَرُوا اَلسَّمَكَ فِي اَلْمَاءِ; فَإِنَّهُ غَرَرٌ } رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ, وَأَشَارَ إِلَى أَنَّ اَلصَّوَابَ وَقْفُهُ [1] .
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) forbade the selling of a fruit till it becomes ripe, or the selling of fur which is (still) on the back (of an animal) or milk which is (still) in the udder. [Reported by at-Tabarani in al-Awsat. ad-Daraqutni also reported it].
وَعَنِ اِبْنِ عَبَّاسٍ -رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا- قَالَ: { نَهَى رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -أَنْ تُبَاعَ ثَمَرَةٌ حَتَّى تُطْعَمَ, وَلَا يُبَاعَ صُوفٌ عَلَى ظَهْرٍ, وَلَا لَبَنٌ فِي ضَرْعٍ } رَوَاهُ اَلطَّبَرَانِيُّ فِي
He also reported it Mawquf (as a saying of a Companion, i.e.) Ibn 'Abbas with a strong chain of narrators, and al-Baihaqi held it to the most correct narration.
The Prophet (ﷺ) forbade the sale of what is in the womb of a she-camel, and the semen that is in the body of a male-camel. [Reported by al-Bazzar and there is weakness in its Isnad (chain of narrators)].
وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ - رضى الله عنه - { أَنَّ اَلنَّبِيَّ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -نَهَى عَنْ بَيْعِ اَلْمَضَامِينِ, وَالْمَلَاقِيحِ } رَوَاهُ اَلْبَزَّارُ, وَفِي إِسْنَادِ [ هِ ] ضَعْفٌ [1] .
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "Whoever accepts back what he sold to a Muslim, Allah will forgive his fault." [Reported by Abu Dawud and Ibn Majah. Ibn Hibban and al-Hakim graded it Sahih (authentic)].
عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ - رضى الله عنه - قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -{ مَنْ أَقَالَ مُسْلِماً بَيْعَتَهُ, أَقَالَهُ اَللَّهُ عَثْرَتَهُ } رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ, وَابْنُ مَاجَهْ, وَصَحَّحَهُ اِبْنُ حِبَّانَ, وَالْحَاكِمُ [1] .
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "Both parties in a business transaction have a right to annul the transaction, so long as they have not separated and remain together; or one of them gives the other the choice (to conclude or annul the transaction); so, if one of them gives the other the choice (to conclude or annul the transaction) and then they make the transaction accordingly, the transaction then becomes binding; or if they separate after having made the transaction and none of them has annulled it, the transaction then becomes binding." [Agreed upon, and the wording is Muslim's].
Narrated 'Amr bin Shu'aib on his father's authority from his grandfather (RA):
The Prophet (ﷺ) said: "The two parties (seller and buyer) in a business transaction have a choice (to annul it) until they separated (from one another), unless it is a transaction with the right to annul it attached to it; and it is not allowed for one to separated from the other for fear that he may cancel the deal." [Reported by al-Khamsah except Ibn Majah. ad-Daraqutni, Ibn Khuzaimah and Ibn al-Jarud also reported it].
A man told Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) that he was being deceived (cheated) in business transactions, and he replied, "When you make a purchase say, 'Deceiving (cheating) is not allowed (i.e. he has the choice to return the goods if he wills).'" [Agreed upon].
وَعَنِ اِبْنِ عُمَرَ -رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا- قَالَ: ذَكَرَ رَجُلٌ لِلنَّبِيِّ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -أَنَّهُ يُخْدَعُ فِي اَلْبُيُوعِ فَقَالَ: { إِذَا بَايَعْتَ فَقُلْ: لَا خَلَابَةَ } مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ [1] .
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) cursed the one who accepts usury, the one who gives it, the one who records it and the two witnesses to it, saying, "They are all the same." [Reported by Muslim].
عَنْ جَابِرٍ - رضى الله عنه - قَالَ: { لَعَنَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -آكِلَ اَلرِّبَا, وَمُوكِلَهُ, وَكَاتِبَهُ, وَشَاهِدَيْهِ, وَقَالَ:
The Prophet (ﷺ) said: "Usury has seventy-three categories, the least one in sin is as that of a man who marries (has sexual relations with) his mother, and the very essence of usury is the (violation of the) honor of a Muslim man." [Ibn Majah reported it in a short form and al-Hakim in a complete one. The latter also graded it Sahih (authentic)].
وَعَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ - رضى الله عنه - عَنْ اَلنَّبِيِّ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -قَالَ: { اَلرِّبَا ثَلَاثَةٌ وَسَبْعُونَ بَابًا أَيْسَرُهَا مِثْلُ أَنْ يَنْكِحَ اَلرَّجُلُ أُمَّهُ, وَإِنَّ أَرْبَى اَلرِّبَا عِرْضُ اَلرَّجُلِ اَلْمُسْلِمِ } رَوَاهُ اِبْنُ مَاجَهْ مُخْتَصَراً, وَالْحَاكِمُ بِتَمَامِهِ وَصَحَّحَهُ [1] .
The Prophet (ﷺ) said: "Do not sell gold for gold unless it is the same amount for the same amount, and do not make one amount greater than the other. Do not sell silver for silver unless it is the same amount for the same amount, and do not make one amount greater than the other. And do not sell that (cash money) which is not present (at the time of the transaction) for that (cash money) which is present." [Agreed upon].
وَعَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ اَلْخُدْرِيِّ - رضى الله عنه - أَنَّ رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -قَالَ: { لَا تَبِيعُوا اَلذَّهَبَ بِالذَّهَبِ إِلَّا مِثْلًا بِمِثْلٍ, وَلَا تُشِفُّوا [1] بَعْضَهَا عَلَى بَعْضٍ, وَلَا تَبِيعُوا اَلْوَرِقَ بِالْوَرِقِ إِلَّا مِثْلًا بِمِثْلٍ, وَلَا تُشِفُّوا بَعْضَهَا عَلَى بَعْضٍ, وَلَا تَبِيعُوا مِنْهَا غَائِباً بِنَاجِزٍ } مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ [2] .
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "Gold is to be paid for with gold, silver with silver, wheat with wheat, barley with barley, dates with dates, and salt with salt, same quantity for same quantity and equal for equal, hand to hand (i.e. payment being made on the spot). If these classes differ, sell as you wish as long as payment is made on the spot." [Reported by Muslim].
وَعَنْ عُبَادَةَ بْنِ اَلصَّامِتِ - رضى الله عنه - قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -{ اَلذَّهَبُ بِالذَّهَبِ, وَالْفِضَّةُ بِالْفِضَّةِ, وَالْبُرُّ بِالْبُرِّ, وَالشَّعِيرُ بِالشَّعِيرِ, وَالتَّمْرُ بِالتَّمْرِ, وَالْمِلْحُ بِالْمِلْحِ, مِثْلًا بِمِثْلٍ, سَوَاءً بِسَوَاءٍ, يَدًا بِيَدٍ, فَإِذَا اِخْتَلَفَتْ هَذِهِ اَلْأَصْنَافُ فَبِيعُوا كَيْفَ شِئْتُمْ إِذَا كَانَ يَدًا بِيَدٍ } رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ [1] .
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "Gold is to be paid for with gold, both being of equal weight and of same quantities; silver is to be paid for with silver, both being of equal weight and of same quantities. If anyone gives more or asks for more of it, it is then usury." [Reported by Muslim].
وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ - رضى الله عنه - قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -{ اَلذَّهَبُ بِالذَّهَبِ وَزْناً بِوَزْنٍ مِثْلًا بِمِثْلٍ، وَالْفِضَّةُ بِالْفِضَّةِ وَزْناً بِوَزْنٍ مِثْلًا بِمِثْلٍ, فَمَنْ زَادَ أَوْ اِسْتَزَادَ فَهُوَ رِبًا } رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ [1] .
Narrated Abu Sa'id al-Khudri and Abu Hurairah (RA):
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) appointed a man over Khaibar and he brought him dates of a very fine quality. Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) asked, "Are all the dates of Khaibar like this?" He replied, "I swear by Allah that they are certainly not, O Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) . We take one Sa' of this kind for two, and even for three (of lesser quality). So Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "Do not do so. Sell the mixed dates for Dirhams, then buy the very fine dates with the Dirhams." And he said that the same applies when things are sold by weight. [Agreed upon].
وَعَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ, وَأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ -رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا- { ;أَنَّ رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -اِسْتَعْمَلَ رَجُلًا عَلَى خَيْبَرٍ, فَجَاءَهُ بِتَمْرٍ جَنِيبٍ, فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -أَكُلُّ تَمْرِ خَيْبَرَ هَكَذَا?
فَقَالَ: لَا, وَاَللَّهِ يَا رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ, إِنَّا لَنَأْخُذُ اَلصَّاعَ مِنْ هَذَا بِالصَّاعَيْنِ وَالثَّلَاثَةِ [1] فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -
I used to hear Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) say, "Food (may be sold) for food, of same quantities." Our food at that time consisted of barley. [Reported by Muslim].
وَعَنْ مَعْمَرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ - رضى الله عنه - قَالَ: إِنِّي كُنْتُ أَسْمَعُ رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -يَقُولُ: { اَلطَّعَامُ بِالطَّعَامِ مِثْلاً بِمِثْلٍ " وَكَانَ طَعَامُنَا يَوْمَئِذٍ اَلشَّعِيرَ } رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ [1] .
I bought a necklace for twelve Dinars at the battle of Khaibar and it contained gold and gems. I considered them separately and found that it was worth more than twelve Dinars. I told the Prophet (ﷺ) about that and he said, "It must not be sold till the contents are considered separately." [Reported by Muslim].
وَعَنْ فَضَالَةَ بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ - رضى الله عنه - قَالَ: { اِشْتَرَيْتُ يَوْمَ خَيْبَرَ قِلَادَةً بِاِثْنَيْ عَشَرَ دِينَاراً, فِيهَا ذَهَبٌ وَخَرَزٌ، فَفَصَلْتُهَا [1] فَوَجَدْتُ فِيهَا أَكْثَرَ مِنْ اِثْنَيْ عَشَرَ دِينَاراً, فَذَكَرْتُ ذَلِكَ لِلنَّبِيِّ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -فَقَالَ: " لَا تُبَاعُ حَتَّى تُفْصَلَ } رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ [2] .
The Prophet (ﷺ) forbade selling animals for animals when payment was to be made at a later date. [Reported by al-Khamsah. Ibn al-Jarud and at-Tirmidhi graded it Sahih (authentic)].
وَعَنْ سَمُرَةَ بْنِ جُنْدُبٍ - رضى الله عنه - { أَنَّ اَلنَّبِيَّ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -نَهَى عَنْ بَيْعِ اَلْحَيَوَانِ بِالْحَيَوَانِ نَسِيئَةً } رَوَاهُ اَلْخَمْسَةُ, وَصَحَّحَهُ اَلتِّرْمِذِيُّ, وَابْنُ اَلْجَارُودِ [1] .
The Prophet (ﷺ) commanded him to equip an army. Then, when the camels were insufficient, he commanded him to keep back the young camels of Sadaqah. He said, "I was taking a camel to be replaced by two when the camels of Sadaqah came." [Reported by al-Hakim and al-Baihaqi; its narrators are reliable].
I heard Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) say, "If you sell anything on credit to anyone, on the condition that you will buy it back for a lower price (al-'Einah), take hold of the tails of cattle, become pleased with agriculture and give up Jihad - Allah will make disgrace prevail over you and will not remove it from you till you return to your religion." [Reported by Abu Dawud from the narration of Nafi' on the authority of Ibn 'Umar (RA), but there is a defect in its chain].