The Book of Prayer

Narrated Abu Hurairah (RA):

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "When anyone of you prays the Jumu'ah prayer, he should pray four (optional) Rak'at after it." [Reported by Muslim].

وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ‏- رضى الله عنه ‏- قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-{ إِذَا صَلَّى أَحَدُكُمُ الْجُمُعَةَ فَلْيُصَلِّ بَعْدَهَا أَرْبَعًا } رَوَاهُ مُسْلِم ٌ [1]‏ .‏

Narrated as-Sa'ib bin Yazid (RA) that Mu'awiyah (RA) told him, "If you offer the Friday prayer, do not connect it with another prayer, till you talk or go out. Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) had commanded us accordingly:

That we should not connect a prayer to another prayer till we talk or go out (in between them)." [Reported by Muslim]

وَعَنِ السَّائِبِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ, أَنَّ مُعَاوِيَةَ قَالَ لَهُ: { إِذَا صَلَّيْتَ الْجُمُعَةَ فَلَا تَصِلْهَا بِصَلَاةٍ, حَتَّى تُكَلَّمَ أَوْ تَخْرُجَ, فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-أَمَرَنَا بِذَلِكَ: أَنْ لَا نُوصِلَ صَلَاةً بِصَلَاةٍ حَتَّى نَتَكَلَّمَ أَوْ نَخْرُجَ } رَوَاهُ مُسْلِم ٌ [1]‏ .‏

Narrated Abu Hurairah (RA):

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "Whoever takes a bath, then comes to al-Jumu'ah prayer, then prays what was fixed for him, then keeps silent till the Imam finishes the Khutbah (religious talk - sermon), and then prays along with him - his sins (committed) between that time and the next Friday will be forgiven, with an addition of three days more." [Reported by Muslim].

وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ‏- رضى الله عنه ‏- قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-{ مَنِ اغْتَسَلَ, ثُمَّ أَتَى الْجُمُعَةَ, فَصَلَّى مَا قُدِّرَ لَهُ, ثُمَّ أَنْصَتَ, حَتَّى يَفْرُغَ اَلْإِمَامُ مِنْ خُطْبَتِهِ, ثُمَّ يُصَلِّي مَعَهُ: غُفِرَ لَهُ مَا بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ الْجُمُعَةِ اَلْأُخْرَى, وَفَضْلُ ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ } رَوَاهُ مُسْلِم ٌ [1]‏ .‏

Narrated [Abu Hurairah (RA)]:

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) mentioned the day of al-Jumu'ah and then said, "There is a time in it (Friday) at which no Muslim would stand up while praying and beg Allah, Who is Great and Glorious, for something except that He would give it to him. He (ﷺ) indicated with his hand that it (this time) is short." [Agreed upon].

وَعَنْهُ; أَنَّ رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-ذَكَرَ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ فَقَالَ: { فِيهِ سَاعَةٌ لَا يُوَافِقُهَا عَبْدٌ مُسْلِمٌ وَهُوَ قَائِمٌ يُصَلِّي, يَسْأَلُ اَللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ شَيْئًا إِلَّا أَعْطَاهُ إِيَّاهُ، وَأَشَارَ بِيَدِهِ يُقَلِّلُهَا } مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْه ِ [1]‏ .‏

A narration of Muslim has:

"This time is brief."

وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ لِمُسْلِمٍ: { وَهِيَ سَاعَةٌ خَفِيفَةٌ } [1]‏ .‏

Narrated Abu Burdah (RA) from his father's:

I heard Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) say, "That time is between the time when the Imam sits down and the end of the prayer." [Reported by Muslim. ad-Daraqutni held that the stronger view is that it is the saying of Abu Burdah].

وَعَنْ أَبِي بُرْدَةَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-يَقُولُ: { هِيَ مَا بَيْنَ أَنْ يَجْلِسَ اَلْإِمَامُ إِلَى أَنْ تُقْضَى اَلصَّلَاةُ } رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ, وَرَجَّحَ اَلدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ أَنَّهُ مِنْ قَوْلِ أَبِي بُرْدَةَ .‏ [1]‏ .‏

Ibn Majah reported from 'Abdullah bin Salam

وَفِي حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ سَلَامٍ عِنْدَ ابْنِ مَاجَه ْ [1]‏ .‏

and Abu Dawud and an-Nasa'i reported from Jabir:

"It is between the 'Asr prayer and sunset."

وَجَابِرِ عِنْدَ أَبِي دَاوُدَ, وَالنَّسَائِيّ ِ : [1]‏ { أَنَّهَا مَا بَيْنَ صَلَاةِ اَلْعَصْرِ إِلَى غُرُوبِ اَلشَّمْسِ } ِ.‏

More than forty different sayings were narrated about this (special fortune time on Friday), and I have detailed them in (my book) 'Sharh al-Bukhari'.

وَقَدْ اِخْتُلَفَ فِيهَا عَلَى أَكْثَرَ مِنْ أَرْبَعِينَ قَوْلًا, أَمْلَيْتُهَا فِي

شَرْحِ اَلْبُخَارِيِّ

[1]‏ .‏

Narrated Jabir (RA):

It is decided in the Sunnah that the Friday prayer (established/recognized) when forty praying persons or more attend it. [ad-Daraqutni reported it through a weak chain of narrators].

وَعَنْ جَابِرٍ ‏- رضى الله عنه ‏- قَالَ: { مَضَتِ السُّنَّةُ أَنَّ فِي كُلِّ أَرْبَعِينَ فَصَاعِدًا جُمُعَةً } رَوَاهُ اَلدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ بِإِسْنَادٍ ضَعِيف ٍ [1]‏ .‏

Narrated Samurah bin Jundub (RA):

The Prophet (ﷺ) used to ask for (Allah's) forgiveness for the believing men and believing women, every al-Jumu'ah (Friday prayer). [al-Bazzar reported it through a weak chain of narrators].

وَعَنْ سَمُرَةَ بنِ جُنْدُبٍ ‏- رضى الله عنه ‏- { أَنَّ اَلنَّبِيَّ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-كَانَ يَسْتَغْفِرُ لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَاتِ كُلَّ جُمُعَةٍ } رَوَاهُ اَلْبَزَّارُ بِإِسْنَادٍ لَيِّن ٍ [1]‏ .‏

Narrated Jabir bin Samurah (RA):

The Prophet (ﷺ) used to recite some verses from the Qur'an in the Friday Khutbah (religious talk - sermon), reminding the people. [Abu Dawud reported it].

وَعَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ سَمُرَةَ رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا { أَنَّ اَلنَّبِيَّ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-كَانَ فِي اَلْخُطْبَةِ يَقْرَأُ آيَاتٍ مِنَ اَلْقُرْآنِ, وَيُذَكِّرُ اَلنَّاسَ } رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُد َ [1]‏ .‏

And its basic meaning is in Muslim.

وَأَصْلُهُ فِي مُسْلِم ٍ [1]‏ .‏

Narrated Tariq bin Shihab (RA):

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "The Friday prayer in congregation is an obligatory duty upon every Muslim, with the exception of four: a slave, a woman, a child and a sick person." [Reported by Abu Dawud, who said that Tariq did not hear (any Hadith) from the Prophet (ﷺ)].

وَعَنْ طَارِقِ بْنِ شِهَابٍ; أَنَّ رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-قَالَ: { الْجُمُعَةُ حَقٌّ وَاجِبٌ عَلَى كُلِّ مُسْلِمٍ فِي جَمَاعَةٍ إِلَّا أَرْبَعَةً: مَمْلُوكٌ, وَاِمْرَأَةٌ, وَصَبِيٌّ, وَمَرِيضٌ } رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ, وَقَالَ: لَمْ يَسْمَعْ طَارِقٌ مِنَ اَلنَّبِيِّ > [1]‏ [2]‏ .‏

al-Hakim also reported it from the narration of the aforementioned Tariq, who narrated from Abu Musa.

وَأَخْرَجَهُ اَلْحَاكِمُ مِنْ رِوَايَةِ طَارِقٍ اَلْمَذْكُورِ عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى [1]‏ .‏

Narrated Ibn 'Umar (RA):

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "Jumu'ah prayer is not obligatory on a traveller." [Reported by at-Tabarani through a weak chain of narrators].

وَعَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ ‏- رضى الله عنه ‏- قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-{ لَيْسَ عَلَى مُسَافِرٍ جُمُعَةٌ } رَوَاهُ اَلطَّبَرَانِيُّ بِإِسْنَادٍ ضَعِيف ٍ [1]‏ .‏

Narrated 'Abdullah bin Mas'ud (RA):

Whenever Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) ascended the Minbar (to give the Friday Khutbah), we used to face him. [at-Tirmidhi reported it through a weak chain of narrators].

وَعَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ ‏- رضى الله عنه ‏- قَالَ: { كَانَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-]إِذَا [ [1]‏ اسْتَوَى عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ اسْتَقْبَلْنَاهُ بِوُجُوهِنَا } رَوَاهُ اَلتِّرْمِذِيُّ, بِإِسْنَادٍ ضَعِيفٍ .‏ [2]‏ .‏

It has a Shahid (supporting narration) in the Hadith of al-Bara', reported by Ibn Khuzaimah.

وَلَهُ شَاهِدٌ مِنْ حَدِيثِ الْبَرَاءِ عِنْدَ اِبْنِ خُزَيْمَة َ [1]‏ .‏

Narrated al-Hakam bin Hazn (RA):

We attended the Friday prayer with the Prophet (ﷺ) and he (ﷺ) stood leaning on a staff or a bow. [Reported by Abu Dawud].

وَعَنِ اَلْحَكَمِ بْنِ حَزْنٍ ‏- رضى الله عنه ‏- قَالَ: { شَهِدْنَا الْجُمُعَةَ مَعَ اَلنَّبِيِّ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-فَقَامَ مُتَوَكِّئًا عَلَى عَصًا أَوْ قَوْسٍ } رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُد َ [1]‏ .‏

Narrated Salih bin Khawwat on the authority of one who offered the Fear prayer with Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) at the battle of Dhatur-Riqa' that a group (of the army) formed a line along with him and a group faced the enemy. He (ﷺ) led the group which was with him in a Rak'ah, and then remained standing while they finished their prayer by themselves. They then departed and lined up facing the enemy, and the other party came. He led them in the remaining Rak'a (of his prayer), after which he remained sitting while they finished their prayer by themselves. He then led them in uttering the Taslim (salutation). [Agreed upon; and this is the wording of Muslim].

عَنْ صَالِحِ بْنِ خَوَّاتٍ, { عَمَّنْ صَلَّى مَعَ رَسُولِ اَللَّهِ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-يَوْمَ ذَاتِ اَلرِّقَاعِ صَلَاةَ اَلْخَوْفِ: أَنَّ طَائِفَةً صَلَّتْ [1]‏ مَعَهُ وَطَائِفَةٌ وِجَاهَ اَلْعَدُوِّ, فَصَلَّى بِاَلَّذِينَ مَعَهُ رَكْعَةً, ثُمَّ ثَبَتَ قَائِمًا وَأَتَمُّوا لِأَنْفُسِهِمْ, ثُمَّ اِنْصَرَفُوا فَصَفُّوا وِجَاهَ اَلْعَدُوِّ, وَجَاءَتِ اَلطَّائِفَةُ اَلْأُخْرَى, فَصَلَّى بِهِمْ اَلرَّكْعَةَ اَلَّتِي بَقِيَتْ, ثُمَّ ثَبَتَ جَالِسًا وَأَتَمُّوا لِأَنْفُسِهِمْ, ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ بِهِمْ } مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ, وَهَذَا لَفْظُ مُسْلِمٍ [2]‏ .‏

This (Hadith) has been reported in al-Ma'rifah of Ibn Mundah:

from Salih ibn Khawwat, from his father.

وَوَقَعَ فِي

اَلْمَعْرِفَةِ

لِابْنِ مَنْدَهْ, عَنْ صَالِحِ بْنِ خَوَّاتٍ, عَنْ أَبِيهِ [1]‏ .‏

Narrated Ibn 'Umar (RA):

I went on an expedition with Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) to Najd, and when we came in front of the enemy we lined up in ranks facing them. Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) then stood up and led us in prayer. One group stood up with him while the other faced the enemy. He prayed a Rak'ah with those who were with him and made two prostrations. Then, they changed places with those who had not prayed. When they came Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) prayed a Rak'ah with them and made two prostrations. He then uttered the Taslim (salutation) and each of them got up and prayed a Rak'ah alone and made two prostrations. [Agreed upon, and the wording if from al-Bukhari].

وَعَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: { غَزَوْتُ مَعَ اَلنَّبِيِّ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-قِبَلَ نَجْدٍ, فَوَازَيْنَا اَلْعَدُوَّ, فَصَافَفْنَاهُمْ, فَقَامَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-يُصَلِّي بِنَا, فَقَامَتْ طَائِفَةٌ مَعَهُ, وَأَقْبَلَتْ طَائِفَةٌ عَلَى اَلْعَدُوِّ, وَرَكَعَ بِمَنْ مَعَهُ, وَسَجَدَ سَجْدَتَيْنِ, ثُمَّ انْصَرَفُوا مَكَانَ اَلطَّائِفَةِ الَّتِي لَمْ تُصَلِّ فَجَاءُوا, فَرَكَعَ بِهِمْ رَكْعَةً, وَسَجَدَ سَجْدَتَيْنِ, ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ, فَقَامَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ, فَرَكَعَ لِنَفْسِهِ رَكْعَةً, وَسَجَدَ سَجْدَتَيْنِ } مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ، وَهَذَا لَفْظُ اَلْبُخَارِيِّ [1]‏ .‏

Narrated Jabir (RA):

"I witnessed Salat-al-Khauf with Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) and we lined up in two rows behind him with the enemy between us and the Qiblah. The Prophet (ﷺ) uttered the Takbir and we all uttered it; then he bowed and we all bowed; then he raised his head after bowing and we all raised ours; then he and the row immediately behind him went down in prostration while the rear row stood facing the enemy. Then, when Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) finished the prostration and the row immediately behind him stood up..." then he mentioned the Hadith. And in a narration "Then he prostrated and the first row prostrated with him. So when they stood, the second row prostrated then the first row went back and the second row came forward..." then he mentioned a similar to it. And at the end of it "Then the Prophet (ﷺ) uttered the Taslim (salutation) and we all did so." [Reported by Muslim].

وَعَنْ جَابِرٍ قَالَ: { شَهِدْتُ مَعَ رَسُولِ اَللَّهِ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-صَلَاةَ اَلْخَوْفِ، فَصَفَّنَا صَفَّيْنِ: صَفٌّ خَلْفَ رَسُولِ اَللَّهِ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-وَالْعَدُوُّ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَ اَلْقِبْلَةِ, فَكَبَّرَ اَلنَّبِيُّ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-وَكَبَّرْنَا جَمِيعًا, ثُمَّ رَكَعَ وَرَكَعْنَا جَمِيعًا, ثُمَّ رَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ مِنَ اَلرُّكُوعِ وَرَفَعْنَا جَمِيعًا, ثُمَّ اِنْحَدَرَ بِالسُّجُودِ وَالصَّفُّ اَلَّذِي يَلِيهِ, وَقَامَ اَلصَّفُّ اَلْمُؤَخَّرُ فِي نَحْرِ اَلْعَدُوِّ, فَلَمَّا قَضَى اَلسُّجُودَ, قَامَ اَلصَّفُّ اَلَّذِي يَلِيهِ.‏.‏.‏ } فَذَكَرَ اَلْحَدِيثَ.‏ وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: { ثُمَّ سَجَدَ وَسَجَدَ مَعَهُ اَلصَّفُّ اَلْأَوَّلُ, فَلَمَّا قَامُوا سَجَدَ اَلصَّفُّ اَلثَّانِي, ثُمَّ تَأَخَّرَ اَلصَّفُّ اَلْأَوَّلِ وَتَقَدَّمَ اَلصَّفُّ اَلثَّانِي.‏.‏.‏ } فَذَكَرَ مِثْلَهُ.‏ وَفِي آخِرِهِ: { ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ اَلنَّبِيُّ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-وَسَلَّمْنَا جَمِيعًا } رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ [1]‏ .‏

Abu Dawud has reported from Abu 'Aiyash az-Zuraqi similarly, and he added:

"it was in Usfan."

وَلِأَبِي دَاوُدَ: عَنْ أَبِي عَيَّاشٍ الزُّرَقِيِّ مِثْلُهُ, وَزَادَ: { أَنَّهَا كَانَتْ بِعُسْفَانَ } [1]‏ .‏

an-Nasa'i reported this narration - through another chain of narrators - from Jabir (RA):

The Prophet (ﷺ) led a group of his Companions in two Rak'at after which he uttered the Taslim (salutation). Then he led another group in two Rak'at after which he uttered the Taslim (salutation)."

وَلِلنَّسَائِيِّ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنْ جَابِرٍ { أَنَّ اَلنَّبِيَّ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-صَلَّى بِطَائِفَةٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ, ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ, ثُمَّ صَلَّى بِآخَرِينَ أَيْضًا رَكْعَتَيْنِ, ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ } [1]‏ .‏