وَعَنْ أُبَيِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ - رضى الله عنه - قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -{ صَلَاةُ اَلرَّجُلِ مَعَ اَلرَّجُلِ أَزْكَى مِنْ صَلَاتِهِ وَحْدَهُ, وَصَلَاتُهُ مَعَ اَلرَّجُلَيْنِ أَزْكَى مِنْ صَلَاتِهِ مَعَ اَلرَّجُلِ, وَمَا كَانَ أَكْثَرَ فَهُوَ أَحَبُّ إِلَى اَللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ } رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ, وَالنَّسَائِيُّ, وَصَحَّحَهُ اِبْنُ حِبَّان َ [1] .
English translation
Narrated 'Ubai bin Ka'b (RA):
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "A man's prayer offered with another man is purer than his prayer which he offers alone, and his prayer with two men is purer than his prayer with one and if they are more (in number), it is more beloved to Allah, the Mighty the Majestic." [Reported by Abu Dawud and an-Nasa'i. And Ibn Hibban graded it Sahih (authentic)].
وَعَنْ أَنَسٍ رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهُ; { أَنَّ اَلنَّبِيَّ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -اِسْتَخْلَفَ اِبْنَ أُمِّ مَكْتُومٍ, يَؤُمُّ اَلنَّاسَ, وَهُوَ أَعْمَى } رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ, وَأَبُو دَاوُد َ [1] .
English translation
Narrated Anas (RA):
The Prophet (ﷺ) appointed Ibn Umm Maktum (RA) to lead the people in prayer in his absence and he [Ibn Umm Maktum (RA)] was blind. [Reported by Ahmad and Abu Dawud].
وَعَنْ اِبْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -{ صَلُّوا عَلَى مَنْ قَالَ: لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اَللَّهُ, وَصَلُّوا خَلْفَ مَنْ قَالَ: لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اَللَّهُ } رَوَاهُ اَلدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ بِإِسْنَادٍ ضَعِيفٍ . [1] .
English translation
Narrated Ibn 'Umar (RA):
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "Pray (funeral prayers) over him who said (believed): 'Nothing deserves to be worshiped except Allah'; and pray behind him who says: 'Nothing deserves to be worshiped except Allah'." [ad-Daraqutni reported it through a weak chain of narrators].
وَعَنْ عَلِيٍّ - رضى الله عنه - قَالَ: قَالَ اَلنَّبِيُّ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -{ إِذَا أَتَى أَحَدُكُمْ اَلصَّلَاةَ وَالْإِمَامُ عَلَى حَالٍ, فَلْيَصْنَعْ كَمَا يَصْنَعُ اَلْإِمَامُ } رَوَاهُ اَلتِّرْمِذِيُّ بِإِسْنَادٍ ضَعِيفٍ . [1] .
English translation
Narrated 'Ali bin Abi Talib (RA):
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "If one of you comes to Salat (prayer) and the Imam is at a certain position, he must do as the Imam is doing." [Reported by at-Tirmidhi with a weak chain of narrators].
Narrated 'Aishah (RA) that when the Salat (prayer) was first prescribed, it consisted of two Rak'at. Afterwards, the prayer during travelling was confirmed (as two Rak'at), while the prayer at the place of residence was completed (as four Rak'at). [Agreed upon].
'Then [(Allah's Messenger (ﷺ)] emigrated and it was prescribed as four, but prayer while travelling was left according to the original prescription (of two Rak'at).'
Ahmad added, 'Except the Maghrib (prayer) for it is the Witr (prayer) of the day; and except the Fajr (prayer), since the recitation (of the Qur'an) is prolonged in it.'
وَعَنْ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهَا; { أَنَّ اَلنَّبِيَّ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -كَانَ يَقْصُرُ فِي اَلسَّفَرِ وَيُتِمُّ, وَيَصُومُ وَيُفْطِرُ. } رَوَاهُ اَلدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ, وَرُوَاتُهُ ثِقَاتٌ. إِلَّا أَنَّهُ مَعْلُول ٌ [1] .
English translation
Narrated 'Aishah (RA):
While on a journey, the Prophet (ﷺ) used to shorten the prayer (sometimes) and offer it completely (sometimes). Similarly, he used to observe fast (sometimes) and break it (sometimes). [ad-Daraqutni reported it, and its narrators are reliable, but it is a defective Hadith].
The Mahfudh (correct) narration from 'Aishah (RA) (concerning this matter) is that it was her practice (that she (RA) offered prayers in the complete form during travelling) [and not the practice of the Prophet (ﷺ)]. She said:
'It is not hard for me.' [al-Baihaqi reported it].
وَعَنْ اِبْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -{ إِنَّ اَللَّهَ يُحِبُّ أَنْ تُؤْتَى [1] رُخَصُهُ كَمَا يَكْرَهُ أَنْ تُؤْتَى [2] مَعْصِيَتُهُ } رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ, وَصَحَّحَهُ اِبْنُ خُزَيْمَةَ, وَابْنُ حِبَّانَ . [3] .
English translation
Narrated Ibn 'Umar (RA):
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "Allah the Most High loves that His permissions be practiced, just as he dislikes that disobedience to Him be committed." [Ahmad reported it. Ibn Khuzaimah and Ibn Hibban graded it Sahih (authentic)].
وَعَنْ أَنَسٍ رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: { كَانَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -إِذَا خَرَجَ مَسِيرَةَ ثَلَاثَةِ أَمْيَال ٍ [1] أَوْ فَرَاسِخَ, صَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ } رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ . [2] .
English translation
Narrated Anas (RA):
When Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) went out on a journey of three miles or three Farasikh, he (ﷺ) used to pray two Rak'at. [Reported by Muslim].
Farasikh (plural of Farsakh) is Persian unit of distance. Farsakh is equal to about three miles.
وَعَنْهُ قَالَ: { خَرَجْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اَللَّهِ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -مِنْ اَلْمَدِينَةِ إِلَى مَكَّةَ، فَكَانَ يُصَلِّي رَكْعَتَيْنِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ حَتَّى رَجَعْنَا إِلَى اَلْمَدِينَةِ } مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ, وَاللَّفْظُ لِلْبُخَارِيِّ . [1] .
English translation
Narrated [Anas (RA)]:
We went from al-Madinah to Makkah with Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) and he prayed two Rak'at at each time of prayer till we returned to al-Madinah. [Agreed upon, and the wording is al-Bukhari's].
وَعَنْ اِبْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا قَالَ: { أَقَامَ اَلنَّبِيُّ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -تِسْعَةَ عَشَرَ يَقْصُرُ } وَفِي لَفْظٍ: { بِمَكَّةَ تِسْعَةَ عَشَرَ يَوْمًا } رَوَاهُ اَلْبُخَارِيّ ُ [1] .
English translation
Narrated Ibn 'Abbas (RA):
The Prophet (ﷺ) (made a journey during which) he had a stop of nineteen days, during which he shortened his prayers. [Al-Bukhari]
And in a narration: "(he (ﷺ) stayed) nineteen days in Makkah."
Allah's Messenger (RA) stayed at Tabuk for twenty days, and he shortened the prayers (during his stay). [Its narrators are reliable, except that there is difference about whether or not it is Mawsul (unbroken chain of narrators)].
وَعَنْ أَنَسٍ: { كَانَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -إِذَا اِرْتَحَلَ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَزِيغَ اَلشَّمْسُ أَخَّرَ اَلظُّهْرَ إِلَى وَقْتِ اَلْعَصْرِ, ثُمَّ نَزَلَ فَجَمَعَ بَيْنَهُمَا, فَإِنْ زَاغَتْ اَلشَّمْسُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَرْتَحِلَ صَلَّى اَلظُّهْرَ, ثُمَّ رَكِبَ } [1] مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ.
English translation
Narrated Anas (RA):
When Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) (while on a journey) proceeded before the sun had declined from the centre of the sky, he (ﷺ) delayed the Zuhr prayer till the time of the 'Asr prayer; he (ﷺ) would then alight and combine the two prayers. If the sun declined before he (ﷺ) moved off, he (ﷺ) would offer the Zuhr prayer and ride (i.e. travel). [Agreed upon].
In the narration of al-Hakim quoted in the al-Arba'in with a Sahih Isnad, "He (ﷺ) prayed Zuhr and 'Asr then rode (his beast, to continue his journey.)"
Abu Nu'aim has in his Mustakhraj of Muslim, "While on a journey, if the sun declined he (ﷺ) used to pray Zuhr and 'Asr together and then continue his journey."
وَعَنْ مُعَاذٍ - رضى الله عنه - قَالَ: { خَرَجْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اَللَّهِ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -فِي غَزْوَةِ تَبُوكَ، فَكَانَ يُصَلِّي اَلظُّهْرَ وَالْعَصْرَ جَمِيعًا, وَالْمَغْرِبَ وَالْعِشَاءَ جَمِيعًا } رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ . [1] .
English translation
Narrated Mu'adh bin Jabal (RA):
We went out with Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) on the Tabuk expedition, and he would offer Zuhr and 'Asr prayers together and Magbrib and 'Isha' prayers together. [Reported by Muslim].
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "Do not shorten the prayer (while travelling) for a distance of less than four Burud; from Makkah to 'Usfan." [ad-Daraqutni reported it through a weak chain of narrators, and the right opinion is that it is Mawquf (saying of a companion, i.e. Ibn 'Abbas). Ibn Khuzaima reported it as such].
Burud: Plural of Barid, which means three Farsakh, and one Farsakh is equal to three miles.