Jihad

Abu Hurairah (RAA) narrated that The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said:

“He who dies without having gone or thought of going out for Jihad in the Cause of Allah, will die while being guilty of having one of the qualities of hypocrisy.” Related by Muslim.

عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رَ ضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-{

مَنْ مَاتَ وَلَمْ يَغْزُ, وَلَمْ يُحَدِّثْ نَفْسَهُ بِهِ, مَاتَ عَلَى شُعْبَةٍ مِنْ نِفَاقٍ

} رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ [1]‏ .‏

Anas (RAA) narrated that The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said:

“Fight the disbelievers (polytheists) with your property, yourselves and your tongues.” Related by Ahmad, An-Nasa‘i and Al-Hakim graded it as Sahih.

وَعَنْ أَنَسٍ ‏- رضى الله عنه ‏- أَنَّ اَلنَّبِيَّ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-قَالَ: {

جَاهِدُوا اَلْمُشْرِكِينَ بِأَمْوَالِكُمْ, وَأَنْفُسِكُمْ, وَأَلْسِنَتِكُمْ

} رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ, وَالنَّسَائِيُّ, وَصَحَّحَهُ اَلْحَاكِمُ [1]‏ .‏

'A’ishah (RAA) narrated, ‘I said:

‘O Messenger of Allah (ﷺ)! Is Jihad prescribed (also) for women?’ Allah’s Messenger said, “Yes, a Jihad which is without fighting, it is Hajj and 'Umrah.” Related by Ibn Majah.

وَعَنْ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهَا قَالَتْ: { قُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ ! عَلَى اَلنِّسَاءِ جِهَادٌ? قَالَ:

نَعَمْ.‏ جِهَادٌ لَا قِتَالَ فِيهِ, اَلْحَجُّ وَالْعُمْرَةُ

}.‏ رَوَاهُ اِبْنُ مَاجَه [1]‏ .‏ وَأَصْلُهُ فِي اَلْبُخَارِيِّ [2]‏ .‏

'Abdullah bin 'Umar (RAA) narrated ‘A man came to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) asking his permission to go out for Jihad. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) asked him, “Are your parents alive?” He replied, ‘Yes.' The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) then said to him, “Then your Jihad would be with them (i.e. in looking after them and being at their service.).” Agreed upon.

وَعَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرِوٍ رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا قَالَ: { جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى اَلنَّبِيِّ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-يَسْتَأْذِنُهُ فِي اَلْجِهَادِ.‏ فَقَالَ: " [ أَ ] حَيٌّ وَالِدَاكَ?" , قَالَ: نَعَمْ: قَالَ: " فَفِيهِمَا فَجَاهِدْ" } .‏ مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ [1]‏ .‏

Ahmad and Abu Dawud transmitted a similar hadith on the authority of Abu Sa’id, and they added the extra statement, “Go back and ask for their permission. If they permit you to go, then go for Jihad otherwise, be good to them (look after them).

وَلِأَحْمَدَ, وَأَبِي دَاوُدَ: مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ نَحْوُهُ, وَزَادَ: {

اِرْجِعْ فَاسْتَأْذِنْهُمَا, فَإِنْ أَذِنَا لَكَ; وَإِلَّا فَبِرَّهُمَا

} [1]‏ .‏

Jarir (RAA) narrated that The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said:

“Any Muslim who stays among the polytheists, does not belong to me.” Related by the three Imams with a sound chain of narrators. Imam Al-Bukhari considered it as Mursal (i.e. the companion is absent from the chain of narrators.

وَعَنْ جَرِيرٍ الْبَجَلِيِّ ‏- رضى الله عنه ‏- قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-{

أَنَا بَرِئٌ مِنْ كُلِّ مُسْلِمٍ يُقِيمُ بَيْنَ اَلْمُشْرِكِينَ

} رَوَاهُ اَلثَّلَاثَةُ وَإِسْنَادُهُ [ صَحِيحٌ ], وَرَجَّحَ اَلْبُخَارِيُّ إِرْسَالَهُ [1]‏ .‏

Ibn 'Abbas (RAA) narrated that The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said:

“There is no emigration (from Makkah to al·Madinah) after the conquest of Makkah, but only Jihad (in the Cause of Allah) and a good intention.

وَعَنْ اِبْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-{

لَا هِجْرَةَ بَعْدَ اَلْفَتْحِ, وَلَكِنْ جِهَادٌ وَنِيَّةٌ

} مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ [1]‏ .‏

Abu Musa Al-Ash'ari (RAA) narrated that The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said:

“The one who fights for Allah’s word to become Superior, is striving in Allah’s Cause.” Agreed upon.

وَعَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى اَلْأَشْعَرِيِّ ‏- رضى الله عنه ‏- قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-{

مَنْ قَاتَلَ لِتَكُونَ كَلِمَةُ اَللَّهِ هِيَ اَلْعُلْيَا, فَهُوَ فِي سَبِيلِ اَللَّهِ

} مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ [1]‏ .‏

’Abdullah bin As-Sa'di narrated that The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said:

“Emigration (to fight the enemy) will continue as long as an enemy is fought.” Related by An-Nasa’i, and Ibn Hibban graded it as Sahih.

وَعَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ اَلسَّعْدِيِّ ‏- رضى الله عنه ‏- قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-{

لَا تَنْقَطِعُ اَلْهِجْرَةُ مَا قُوتِلَ اَلْعَدُوُّ

} رَوَاهُ النَّسَائِيُّ, وَصَحَّحَهُ اِبْنُ حِبَّانَ [1]‏ .‏

Nafi' (RAA) narrated, ‘The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) made an attack on Bani al-Mustaliq when they were unaware. He killed the men who were lighting and took the women and children as captives.’ 'Abdullah bin Umar told me about it. Agreed upon.

وَعَنْ نَافِعٍ قَالَ: [1]‏ { أَغَارُ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-عَلَى بَنِيَّ اَلْمُصْطَلِقِ, وَهُمْ غَارُّونَ, فَقَتَلَ مُقَاتِلَتَهُمْ, وَسَبَى ذَرَارِيَّهُمْ.‏ حَدَّثَنِي بِذَلِكَ عَبْدُ اَللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا } مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ [2]‏ .‏

Sulaiman bin Buraidah narrated on the authority of his father on the authority of 'A’ishah (RAA), “Whenever Allah’s Messenger appointed a commander over an army or a Sariyah, he would instruct him to fear Allah in his own behavior and consider the welfare of the Muslims who were with him. He then used to say “Go out for Jihad in Allah’s name, in the Cause of Allah, and fight those who disbelieve in Allah. Go out for Jihad and do not indulge in Ghulul, or be treacherous or mutilate (dead bodies) or kill a child. When you meet your enemy, or the polytheists, invite them to three courses of action, and accept whichever of them they are willing to agree to, and withhold from doing anything else:

Call them to Islam, and if they agree accept it from them. Then invite them to migrate from their land to the land of the Emigrants (i.e. al-Madinah), if they refuse, then tell them they will be like the Muslim desert Arabs, thus they will have no right in the Ghanimah or Fai’ unless they participate in Jihad with the Muslims. If they refuse (to accept Islam) order them to pay the Jizyah and if they agree, accept it from them. If they refuse, seek Allah, the Most High’s help against them and fight them. When you besiege a fortress, and its people wish you to grant them the protection of Allah and His Prophet, grant them neither but grant them your protection, for it is less serious (a lesser guilt) to break your guarantee of protection than to break that of Allah’s. And if they offer to capitulate under the condition that they are subjected to the judgment of Allah, do not grant them this, but judge according to your own command, for you do not know whether or not you will be able to carry out Allah, the Most High’s Judgment regarding them.” Related by Muslim.

وَعَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ بُرَيْدَةَ, عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: { كَانَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-إِذَا أَمَّرَ أَمِيرًا عَلَى جَيْشٍ أَوْصَاهُ بِتَقْوَى اَللَّهِ, وَبِمَنْ مَعَهُ مِنْ اَلْمُسْلِمِينَ خَيْراً, ثُمَّ قَالَ:

اُغْزُوا بِسْمِ اَللَّهِ, فِي سَبِيلِ اَللَّهِ, قَاتِلُوا مِنْ كَفَرَ بِاَللَّهِ, اُغْزُوا, وَلَا تَغُلُّوا, وَلَا تَغْدُرُوا, وَلَا تُمَثِّلُوا, وَلَا تَقْتُلُوا وَلِيداً, وَإِذَا لَقِيتَ عَدُوَّكَ مِنْ اَلْمُشْرِكِينَ فَادْعُهُمْ إِلَى ثَلَاثِ خِصَالٍ, فَأَيَّتُهُنَّ أَجَابُوكَ إِلَيْهَا, فَاقْبَلْ مِنْهُمْ, وَكُفَّ عَنْهُمْ: اُدْعُهُمْ إِلَى اَلْإِسْلَامِ فَإِنْ أَجَابُوكَ فَاقْبَلْ مِنْهُمْ.‏ ثُمَّ اُدْعُهُمْ إِلَى اَلتَّحَوُّلِ مِنْ دَارِهِمْ إِلَى دَارِ اَلْمُهَاجِرِينَ, فَإِنْ أَبَوْا فَأَخْبَرْهُمْ أَنَّهُمْ يَكُونُونَ كَأَعْرَابِ اَلْمُسْلِمِينَ, وَلَا يَكُونُ لَهُمْ [1]‏ .‏ فِي اَلْغَنِيمَةِ وَالْفَيْءِ شَيْءٌ إِلَّا أَنْ يُجَاهِدُوا مَعَ اَلْمُسْلِمِينَ.‏ فَإِنْ هُمْ أَبَوْا فَاسْأَلْهُمْ اَلْجِزْيَةَ, فَإِنْ هُمْ أَجَابُوكَ فَاقْبَلْ مِنْهُمْ, فَإِنْ أَبَوْا فَاسْتَعِنْ بِاَللَّهِ وَقَاتِلْهُمْ.‏ وَإِذَا حَاصَرْتَ أَهْلَ حِصْنٍ فَأَرَادُوكَ أَنْ تَجْعَلَ لَهُمْ ذِمَّةَ اَللَّهِ وَذِمَّةَ نَبِيِّهِ, فَلَا تَفْعَلْ, وَلَكِنْ اِجْعَلْ لَهُمْ ذِمَّتَكَ; فَإِنَّكُمْ إِنْ تُخْفِرُوا ذِمَمَكُمْ [2]‏ .‏ أَهْوَنُ مِنْ أَنَّ تُخْفِرُوا ذِمَّةَ اَللَّهِ, وَإِذَا أَرَادُوكَ أَنْ تُنْزِلَهُمْ عَلَى حُكْمِ اَللَّهِ, فَلَا تَفْعَلْ, بَلْ عَلَى حُكْمِكَ; فَإِنَّكَ لَا تَدْرِي أَتُصِيبُ فِيهِمْ حُكْمَ اَللَّهِ أَمْ لَا

} أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ [3]‏ .‏

Ka’b bin Malik (RAA) narrated that Whenever the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) intended to go out on a battle, he would pretend to head in a different destination. Agreed upon.

وَعَنْ كَعْبِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ ‏- رضى الله عنه ‏- { أَنَّ اَلنَّبِيَّ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-كَانَ إِذَا أَرَادَ غَزْوَةً وَرَّى بِغَيْرِهَا } مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ [1]‏ .‏

Ma'qil bin An-Nu‘man bin Muqarrin (RAA) narrated, ‘I witnessed (battles with) Allah’s Messenger and if he did not start fighting at the beginning of the day, he delayed the fighting till the sun had passed the meridian, and the wind blew and victory descended from Allah.” Related by Ahmad and the three Imams. Al-Hakim graded it as Sahih.

وَعَنْ مَعْقِلٍ; أَنَّ اَلنُّعْمَانَ بْنَ مُقَرِّنٍ قَالَ: { شَهِدْتُ رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-إِذَا لَمْ يُقَاتِلْ أَوَّلَ اَلنَّهَارِ أَخَّرَ اَلْقِتَالِ حَتَّى تَزُولَ اَلشَّمْسُ, وَتَهُبَّ اَلرِّيَاحُ, وَيَنْزِلَ اَلنَّصْرُ } رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ وَالثَّلَاثَةُ, وَصَحَّحَهُ اَلْحَاكِمُ [1]‏ .‏ وَأَصْلُهُ فِي اَلْبُخَارِيِّ [2]‏ .‏

As-Sa'b bin Jath-thamah (RAA) narrated, ‘The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) was asked about the polytheists whose land was attacked at night with the probability that some of their women and offspring were killed or hurt.’ He said “They are from among them.” Agreed upon.

وَعَنْ اَلصَّعْبِ بْنِ جَثَّامَةَ ‏- رضى الله عنه ‏- قَالَ: { سُئِلَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-عَنْ اَلدَّارِ مِنْ اَلْمُشْرِكِينَ.‏ [1]‏ .‏ يُبَيِّتُونَ, فَيُصِيبُونَ مِنْ نِسَائِهِمْ وَذَرَارِيهِمْ, فَقَالَ:

هُمْ مِنْهُمْ

} مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ [2]‏ .‏

'A’ishah (RAA) narrated that The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said to a man who followed him on the day of the Battle of Badr, “Go back I will not seek help from a Mushrik (polytheist).” Reported by Muslim.

وَعَنْ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهَا; { أَنَّ اَلنَّبِيَّ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-قَالَ لِرَجُلٍ تَبِعَهُ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ:

اِرْجِعْ.‏ فَلَنْ أَسْتَعِينَ بِمُشْرِكٍ

} رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ [1]‏ .‏

Ibn 'Umar (RAA) narrated that The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) saw a woman who was killed in one of his expeditions, so he disapproved the killing of women and children. Agreed upon.

وَعَنْ اِبْنِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا; { أَنَّ رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-رَأَى اِمْرَأَةً مَقْتُولَةً فِي بَعْضِ مَغَازِيهِ, فَأَنْكَرَ قَتْلَ اَلنِّسَاءِ وَالصِّبْيَانِ } مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ [1]‏ .‏

Samurah (RAA) narrated that The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said:

“Kill the mature men of the polytheists but spare their children.” Related by Abu Dawud and At-Tirmidhi graded it as Sahih.

وَعَنْ سَمُرَةَ ‏- رضى الله عنه ‏- قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-{

اُقْتُلُوا شُيُوخَ اَلْمُشْرِكِينَ, وَاسْتَبْقُوا شَرْخَهُمْ

} رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ, وَصَحَّحَهُ اَلتِّرْمِذِيُّ [1]‏ .‏

’Ali (RAA) narrated that They (the Muslims and the polytheists) engaged in duel combat on the Day of Badr. Related by Al-Bukhari and Abu Dawud reported it as part of a long hadith.

وَعَنْ عَلِيٍّ ‏- رضى الله عنه ‏- { أَنَّهُمْ تَبَارَزُوا يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ } رَوَاهُ اَلْبُخَارِيُّ [1]‏ .‏ وَأَخْرَجَهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ مُطَوَّلاً [2]‏ .‏

Abu Aiyub (RAA) narrated that:

'This verse was revealed concerning us (al-Ansar).' He was referring to the verse, “And do not throw yourselves into destruction (2:195). Abu Aiyub said that to answer those who disapproved of the action of those who attacked the Romans till they were amidst their army.’ Related by the three Imams, and At-Tirmidhi, Ibn Hibban and Al-Hakim graded it as Sahih.

وَعَنْ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ ‏- رضى الله عنه ‏- قَالَ: إِنَّمَا أُنْزِلَتْ هَذِهِ اَلْآيَةُ فِينَا مَعْشَرَ اَلْأَنْصَارِ, يَعْنِي: ﴿ وَلَا تُلْقُوا بِأَيْدِيكُمْ إِلَى اَلتَّهْلُكَةِ ﴾ [1]‏ قَالَهُ رَدًّا عَلَى مَنْ أَنْكَرَ عَلَى مَنْ حَمَلَ عَلَى صَفِ اَلرُّومِ حَتَّى دَخَلَ فِيهِمْ .‏ رَوَاهُ اَلثَّلَاثَةُ, وَصَحَّحَهُ اَلتِّرْمِذِيُّ, وَابْنُ حِبَّانَ, وَالْحَاكِمُ [2]‏ .‏

Ibn 'Umar narrated that The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) burnt the palm trees of Banu an-Nadir and cut them down. Agreed upon,

وَعَنْ اِبْنِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا قَالَ: { حَرَقَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-نَخْلَ بَنِي اَلنَّضِيرِ, وَقَطَعَ } مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ [1]‏ .‏

'Ubadah bin as-Samit (RAA) narrated that The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said:

“Do not be dishonest (and treacherous) about the war booty (i.e. steal from it before it is divided legally), as Ghulul will be like fire (for the ones who got involved in it) and a cause of disgrace to those who are guilty of it in this world and in the Hereafter.” Related by Ahmad, and An-Nasa‘i, and Ibn Hibban graded it as Sahih.

وَعَنْ عُبَادَةَ بْنِ اَلصَّامِتِ ‏- رضى الله عنه ‏- قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-{

لَا تَغُلُّوا; فَإِنَّ اَلْغُلُولَ نَارٌ وَعَارٌ عَلَى أَصْحَابِهِ فِي اَلدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ

} رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ, وَالنَّسَائِيُّ, وَصَحَّحَهُ ابْنُ حِبَّانَ [1]‏ .‏

'Auf bin Malik (RAA) narrated, “The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) judged that the belongings taken from the (non-Muslim enemy) killed soldier in a war, are to be given to the one who killed him.' Related by Abu Dawud. Muslim reported it as part of a long hadith.

وَعَنْ عَوْفِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ ‏- رضى الله عنه ‏- { أَنَّ اَلنَّبِيَّ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-قَضَى بِالسَّلَبِ لِلْقَاتِلِ } رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ [1]‏ .‏ وَأَصْلُهُ عِنْدَ مُسْلِمٍ [2]‏ .‏

’Abdur Rahman bin ’Auf (RAA) narrated regarding the story of the killing of Abu Jahl,‘..they both hastened to him with their swords till they killed him. Afterwards, they went to the Prophet (ﷺ) and informed him (of what they had done). The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) asked them, “Which of you killed him? Have you wiped your swords?” They said:

‘No.’ The Prophet (ﷺ) then looked at the swords and said, “Both of you killed him.” He then ordained that the belongings (weapons, shields etc..) of Abu Jahl should go to Mu 'adh bin 'Amro bin al-Jamuh.’ Agreed upon.

وَعَنْ عَبْدِ اَلرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ ‏- رضى الله عنه ‏- فِي ‏- قِصَّةِ قَتْلِ أَبِي جَهْلٍ ‏- قَالَ: { فَابْتَدَرَاهُ بِسَيْفَيْهِمَا حَتَّى قَتَلَاهُ, ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَا إِلَى رَسُولِ اَللَّهِ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-فَأَخْبَرَاهُ, فَقَالَ: "أَيُّكُمَا قَتَلَهُ? هَلْ مَسَحْتُمَا سَيْفَيْكُمَا ?" قَالَا: لَا.‏ قَالَ: فَنَظَرَ فِيهِمَا, فَقَالَ: "كِلَاكُمَا قَتَلَهُ, سَلْبُهُ لِمُعَاذِ بْنِ عَمْرِوِ بْنِ اَلْجَمُوحِ" } مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ [1]‏ .‏

Makhul (RAA) narrated, ‘The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) set up the ballista while attacking the people of at-Ta’if`.’ Related by Abu Dawud with a trustworthy chain of narrators, but it is hadith Mursal.

وَعَنْ مَكْحُولٍ; { أَنَّ اَلنَّبِيَّ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-نَصَبَ اَلْمَنْجَنِيقَ عَلَى أَهْلِ اَلطَّائِفِ } أَخْرَجَهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي

اَلْمَرَاسِيلِ

وَرِجَالُهُ ثِقَاتٌ.‏ [1]‏ .‏

Al-'Uqayli connected it (to the Prophet (ﷺ)) with a weak chain narrated by Ali (ra).

وَوَصَلَهُ الْعُقَيْلِيُّ بِإِسْنَادٍ ضَعِيفٍ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ‏- رضى الله عنه ‏- [1]‏ .‏